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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
DSM-I
|
-1952
-Categories based on lists of symptoms -106 Diagnoses |
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DSM-II
|
-1968
-Communication key purpose -Personality Disorders |
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DSM-III
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-1980
-16 Categories -Research Diagnostic Criteria -Multiaxial Scheme |
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DSM-III-R
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-1987
-Field Trials -Assessment tools: Structured Clinical Interview |
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DSM-IV
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-Clear descriptions
-Criteria reflect consensus -Used for records, compiling stats, 3rd party reporting |
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DSM-IV-TR
|
-2000
-16 Categories, 400 Disorders -5 Axes, Four diagnostic sections |
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Axis I
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-Principle diagnoses
-Anxiety, mood, psychotic, etc. disorders |
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Axis II
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-Personality disorders and mental retardation
-Long-standing problems |
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Axis III
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-Relevant general medical conditions (GMCs)
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Axis IV
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-Psychosocial and environmental problems
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Axis V
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-Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF)
-0-100 scale |
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GAF
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1-70 Typical range for patients
1-40 Inpatient 31-70 Outpatient 0 Inadequate info to derive score |
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Principle Diagnosis
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-Reason for the visit
-Assumed to be Axis I unless Axis II diagnosis specifies "principle diagnosis" |
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Provisional Diagnosis
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-Strong presumption that full criteria will ultimately be met for a disorder
-DO NOT USE IF YOU HAVE DONE AN ASSESSMENT!! |
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Differential Diagnosis
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-Process of choosing the correct diagnosis from conditions with similar features
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Prognosis
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-Natural course of the disorder or the predicted outcome
-Affected by patient's highest prior level of functioning, duration, abruptness of onset, age of onset, availability of treatment, compliance, and outside support |
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Etiology
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-Origin of the disorder
-Four P's: Predisposition, Precipitation, Provocation, Perpetuation |
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Idiopathic
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Etiology = Unknown causation
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Iatrogenic
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Etiology = Physician induced illness
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Multicausality
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Etiology = Disorders have multiple causes
|
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Omnicausality
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Etiology = Anything can cause
|
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Prevalence
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- # of cases
- # of ppl with disorder - Affected by TREATMENT |
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Incidence
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- # of NEW cases
- # of ppl developing the disorder - Affected by PREVENTION PROGRAMS |
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Paradigms in Psychopathology
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- Conceptual framework to examine phenomena
- SET OF BASIC ASSUMPTIONS |
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Biological Paradigm
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- Disease model
- Diathesis-stress model - Abnormal behavior = Brain chemistry - Treatment = Drugs, ECT, psychosurgery |
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Psychodynamic Paradigm
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- Abnormal behavior = Unresolved conflicts
- One of the oldest - Developmental Stages |
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Behavioral Paradigm
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- Began in Laboratories
- ALL behavior = Conditioning - Modeling |
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Cognitive Paradigm
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- How we ORGANIZE and INTERPRET information
- Maladaptive thinking causes maladaptive behavior - Beck's Cognitive Therapy |
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Humanistic Paradigm
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- UNCONDITIONAL POSITIVE REGARD and conditions of worth
- Fritz Perls - Skillful frustration, role playing, rules for language |
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Existential Theories and Therapy
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- Psychological dysfunction caused by self-deception
- Therapy = Patient acceptance of personal responsibility and recognition of freedom of action |
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Clinical Interview Composition
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- Identifying data
- Presenting problem - Psychological History - Psychiatric History - Medical History - SCID |
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Clinical Interview Pos/Neg
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++ Observe verbal & non-verbal cues as well as emotional state
- - Paradigm influences questions asked, may not get enough or right info |
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Structured Clinical Interview
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- High reliability and validity
- Decreased flexibility - Miss idiosyncratic info - Increase defensiveness & resistance - Allows comparability - Used in research/clinical settings - Computer administered/scoring |
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Unstructured Clinical Interview
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- Lower reliability and validity
- Increased flexibility - Pick up idiosyncratic info - Increased rapport - Create favorable changes |
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Baumeister Study
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- Most frequent disorders = Mood, anxiety, substance, somatoform
- Risk factors = Female, unemployed, unmarried, low SES |
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Kendell & Jablensky Study
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- Reliability of diagnoses has increased dramatically
- Diagnoses may not be valid BUT still possess high utility - Diagnostic categories only valid if they can be truly separated from each other |
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Communicating Diagnostic Uncertainty
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- Rule-out
- NOS - V codes |