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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Q. Which bronchus is SHORTER, wider, more vertical, and typically the site of OBSTRUCTION?
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Right Bronchus
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Q. Which lobe of the lung is typically LOWER then the rest? Superior, Middle, or Inferior?
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MIDDLE
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Q. IMPORTANT: Where is the only are where RESPIRATION occurs?
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TERTIARY BRONCHIOLES
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Q. Where is the SITE OF GASEOUS EXCHANGE?
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Respiratory Membrane
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Q. Movement of air in and out of the bronchial tree, but DOES NOT INVOLVE GAS EXCHANGE?
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VENTILATION
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Q. The exchange of gases (O2/CO2) at the respiratory membrane.
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RESPIRATION
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Q. What is the equation for MINUTE VOLUME?
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Rate per min * Tidal Volume
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Q. Intrapleural Pressure is Negative? T or F
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TRUE
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Q. Pulmonary pressures are measured by obtaining?
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Pulmonary Wedge Pressures
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Q. This condition destroys the important coupling between the chest wall and lung and can cause drastic changes in pulmonary pressures?
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PNEUMOTHORAX
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Q. Elevated blood carbon dioxide (PCO2) as a result of impaired ventilation?
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HYPERCAPNEA
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Q. Dyspnea during sleep usually due to tissue fluid disturbances (peripheral edema)? **VERY SPECIFIC TERM
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Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea
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Q. Dyspnea at night while lying down (due to recumbent position during sleep)?
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ORTHOPNEA
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Q. Name 4 causes of DYSPNEA?
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1. Reduction in effectiveness of mechanical respiration
2. Changes to chemoreceptors (mostly due to CNS issues) 3. Reduction in sensitivity to increased respiratory effort 4. Shunting mechanisms |
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Q. **What oxygen delivery system: Lowest flow rates-up to 6 lpm = 20-40% O2?
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Nasal Cannula
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Q. **What oxygen delivery system: 6-10 lpm gives approximately 40-60% O2?
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Simple Mask
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Q. **What oxygen delivery system: For liter flows 60-100% O2?
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Partial/ Non Rebreather Mask
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Q. **What oxygen delivery system: Valves for 25-50% O2?
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Venturi Mask
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Q. **What oxygen delivery system: For Emergency situations requiring manual ventilation of pt?
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Ambu Bag/ Bag-Valve Mask
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Q. Barrel chest is what type of disease?
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Obstructive
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Q. Pigeon Chest is what type of disease?
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Restrictive
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Q. Name this respiratory sound: coarse low pitch/ secretions (WET SOUND)?
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RHONCHI
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Q. Crackles, individual click or pop involves consolidation of small airways?
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RALES
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Q. COPD is most commonly associated with what condition?
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CHRONIC BRONCHITIS
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Q. In emphysema TLC is?
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HIGH
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Q. What is the 1st diagnostic test for all pulmonary conditions?
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CHEST X-RAY
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Q. When do we use CT Scan of Thorax?
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Chest Wall/ Pleural Dz
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Q. When are VENTILATION/ PERFUSION SCANS used?
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PULMONARY EMBOLISM DX
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Q. What is the negative effect of BRONCHOSCOPY?
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Can induce REACTIVE AIRWAY PROBLEMS (SPASMS)
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Q. An EXTRINSIC ASTHMA PATIENT will typically have what form of ASTHMA?
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EXERCISE INDUCED
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Q. Histamine as a mast cell mediator in ASTHMA causes?
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Stimulation of irritant receptors (2nd constriction) upregulation of mucus which further blocks airways.
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Q. Cycloxygenase enzyme inhibitors may exacerbate which pathway?
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LEUKOTRIENES
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Q. Irritant receptors on which part of the airway can cause asthma?
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UPPER
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Q. STATUS ASTHMATICUS is an EMERGENCY? T or F
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TRUE
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Q. Diagnosis of ASTHMA is MOSTLY CLINICAL? T or F
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TRUE
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Q. What are the FIrST LINE MEDS for ASTHMA?
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BRONCHODILATORS--> SYMPATHOMIMETICS: ALBUTEROL SULFATE
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Q. What are the SECOND LINE MEDS for ASTHMA?
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ANTI-INFLAMMATORIES
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Q. The ONSET of COPD is PROGRESSIVE? T or F
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TRUE
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Q. ALVEOLAR DAMAGE is typically seen in what condition?
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EMPHYSEMA
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Q. Chronic Bronchitis is associated with what HEART condition?
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COR PULMONALE
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Q. What is our goal to maintain SaO2 at with oxygen therapy?
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>90%
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Q. General chronicity of all INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASES have what 2 steps?
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1. INFLAMMATION (ALVEOLITIS)
2. FIBROSIS |
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Q. ** (ON TEST) Name the condition: Patient presents with NON-CASEATING GRANULOMAS, typically a MULTIPLE ORGAN DISEASE?
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SARCOIDOSIS
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Q. What are the 2 STAGES of SARCOIDOSIS?
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STAGE 1: Hilar & PARATRACHEAL ADENOPATHY
STAGE 2: STAGE ONE PLUS DIFFUSE INTERSTITIAL MARKINGS |
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Q. How do we confirm SARCOIDOSIS?
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BIOPSY
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Q. What are the 4 NATUROPATHIC TREATMENTS for INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASES?
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1. MSM (TISSUE INTEGRITY)
2. Omega 3-6-9 (Lubricate TISSUE) 3. ALA 4. r-GLUTATHIONE |
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Q. What is the most common route of transmission in PNEUMONIA?
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INHALATION
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Q. What is the most SERIOUS Route of TRANSMISSION in PNEUMONIA?
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ASPIRATION
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Q. What type of SPUTUM do individuals with PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA have?
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GREEN, STINKY
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Q. What is the best way to diagnose RSV-Bronchiolitis in CHILDREN?
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NASAL SWAB for CULTURE
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Q. Does MYCOPLASMA respond well to ANTI-BIOTICS?
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NO
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Q. What type of INFILTRATES will we see in BRONCHOPNEUMONIA?
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PATCHY INFILTRATES
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Q. What is the best DIAGNOSTIC tool for PNEUMONIA?
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CHEST X-RAY
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Q. What is the typical PNEUMONIA MEDICATION?
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CEPHALOSPORIN
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Q. **HISTOPLASMOSIS FORMS GRANULOMAS? T or F
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TRUE
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Q. What are 2 NATUROPATHIC TREATMENTS for PNEUMONIA?
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1. GLYCYRRHIZA
2. COMPRESSES/ POULTICES |
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Q. What is the transmission of TB?
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AIRBORNE PARTICLES
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Q. What REGIONS of the lung will you typically see RE-ACTIVATION of TB
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APICAL REGIONS
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Q. **(On TEST) TUBERCULIN SKIN TEST documents TB INFECTION NOT DISEASE? T or F
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TRUE
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Q. **(ON TEST) HOW do MDs TREAT ACTIVE TUBERCULOSIS?
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ISONIAZID/RIFAMPIN for 6 MONTHS
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Q. How do we DX ACTIVE DISEASE OF TB? 2 Test Together
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+CXR & Sputum CULTURE
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