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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How long have people been using alcohol and drugs (estimated)? |
Tobacco - thousands (unknown exactly) Opium - 7000 years Alcohol - 8000 years + Hallucinogen - 9000 years |
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Describe Australian Drug Use in the early colonial years? |
- Aboriginal people no prior contact with drugs and alcohol - First fleet brought hemp seeds (coping with warm climate and tropical diseases) - First 150 years- government actively supporting hemp growing for medicine and clothing, etc - In late 1800s cocaine based and opium stimulants was very common by drs, nurses, housewives for depression and pain. - Heroine over counter for colds |
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Describe alcohol use in early colonial times. |
- Alcohol was cultural norm since invasion - 1808 Rum Rebellion - 1830s "The Temperance Movement" Prohibition in many states (peaking during WW1) - 1837 Laws passed to prevent aboriginal people accessing alcohol (although much evidence that many were paid in alcohol on workfarms,factories, etc) - "6 o'clock Swill" went to referendum in 1838 |
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When were the first laws prohibiting drugs in Australia introduced? |
1905 (based on the immigration act- based in racism) Aimed to prevent chinese people from using opium. Then came laws about preventing Aboriginal people from using it. - 1938 (REEFER MADNESS CAMPAIGN) cannabis was outlawed as the new drug that maddens its victims. New drug control laws were enacted entirely on a moral basis |
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How did drug regulation change in the 1960s? |
- Until 60s police resources were not really used to enforce drug laws - Nixons War on Drugs in america changed the way it was viewed - Drug use was increasing (recreationally) like heroin, LSD, pot as part of the anti-vietnam movement - Drug trafficking developed - Most Aus states took on a prohibitionist attitude |
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What are the current major issues related to drugs facing Australia? |
- Stable levels of drug use - Prescription medication on the rise - "Ice Epidemic" - Suggested increase in steroids - EPS (emerging psychoactive substances) |
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How is Australia currently responding to Alcohol and Drug use? |
- Increased penalties - Increased Detection - Diversion Programs - Changing legislation |
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What is Morgan Et Als 7 common themes to drug wars? |
- The notion of "public menace" - Political interests - Increased criminal justice response - Influence of media coverage - Portrayal of drug use as infectious - The need to protect vulnerable, targetgroups (e.g women and young people) -Aggressive militaristic terminology |
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Provide a brief history of the use of LSD (Lisergic Acid Diethylamide)? |
- Created in 1938 by Abram Hoffer (not ittending for it to have psychedelic properties) - 1950s: used to treat alcoholism and obsessive disorders - US Military studies (on unknowing participants!) - 1960s listed as dangerous drug - 1960s became available on black market and became popular with the youth counter culture and became synonymous with the peace movement. Still popular today. |
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Provide a brief history of the use of MDMA (3,4 Methylendioxy-N-Methamphetamine). |
-1912 first made in Germany - 1950s: US military experimentation - 1970s: Used clinically to successfully treat emotional disorders 1985: Made illegal in the US - Very popular in the UK rave scene late 80s - Remains part of youth culture today - Contradictions in the depiction of ecstasy in both mainstream media and youth media. |
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What is meant by Emerging Psychoactive Substances? |
- New substances have been developed, which mimic already illegal drugs but circumvent drug laws - Increasing range - mostly online - Dangerous due to little research on risks, testing for metabolites, and the drugs are ever changing to keep up with legislation |
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What is a depressant? |
Depressants suppress, inhibit or decrease central nervous activity. In small doses, create relaxation or drowsiness. In large doses can lower (sometimes dangerously) heart rate and respiration. Eg. Alcohol, Sleeping pills, sedatives (valium) and opioid such as methadone, morphine and heroine. |
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What is a stimulant? |
Enhance or increase activity in the CNS. Typically increase blood pressure or heart rate and arousal. Low doses- increased energy, feelings of well-being and alertness. Heavy use- irritability and insomnia. Can also have delusional or hallucinogenic effects. Eg. Amphetamines, MDMA (ecstasy), Cocaine, Caffeine and nicotine. |
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What is a hallucinogen (psychedelics)? |
Effects nervous system in altering perceptions, thinking, feeling, and sense of time and place. Some adverse effects include unpleasant or frightening hallucinations (bad trips), post-hallucinogen- perception disorder ("flashbacks"), delusions and paranoia. Eg. LSD, Mescaline (peyote cactus) and psilocybin. Cannabis can be dep. or hallucinogen |
