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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Classical conditioning |
Association of automatic responses with a new neutral stimulus |
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Unconditoned stimulus (UCS) |
Stimulus that elicits automatic response |
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Unconditioned response (UCR) |
Automatic Response to UCS |
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Neutral stimulus (NS) |
Stimulus that elicits no response |
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Conditioned stimulus (CS) |
Stimulus elicits response after conditioning |
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Conditioned response (Cr) |
Learn response to previously NS |
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Operant conditioning |
Form of learning in which consequences of behaviors produce changes in the probability of the behaviors being repeated |
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Operant conditioning #2 |
Learning in which voluntary behavior is strengthened or weakened by consequences |
A desirable or aversive consequence is added or subtracted leading to an increase or decrease in the behavior |
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Reinforcement |
Process in which consequence strengths behavior |
Increases the probability that the behavior will be repeated |
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Positive reinforcement |
Presentation of a desirable stimulus following a behavior that increases the probability that the behavior will be repeated |
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Negative reinforcement |
Removeal of an aversive stimulus following a behavior that increases the probability that the behavior will be repeated |
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Punishment |
Process in which consequences weakens behavior - decreases the probability that the behavior will be repeated |
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Positive punishment |
Presentation of an aversive stimulus following a behavior that increases the probability that the behavior will be repeated |
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Negative punishment (penalty) |
Remove all of a desirable stimulus following a behavior that decreases the probability you will be repeated |
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Observational learning |
Learning by observing the behavior of other people |
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Vicarious learning |
Likelihood of a behavior changes depends upon whether another is reinforced or punished for the behavior |
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Extinction- Repeatedly presenting CS without UCS CR stops |
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Generalization |
Generalized response to familiar items (bell or food) |
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Phobias |
Irrational fear |
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Systematic desensitization |
Technique used to overcome a phobia |
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Spontaneous recovery of CS |
Food aversion- contamination in food which makes you sick.....avoids that food in future |
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Primary reinforcers |
Automatically rewarding or reinforcing |
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Secondary Reinforcers |
A stimulus that gains it's reinforcing powers through its association with the primary reinforcer aka conditioned reinforcer |
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Continuous reinforcement schedule |
Reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs |
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Intermittent reinforcement schedule |
Reinforcing response only part of the time; Results in slower acquisition of a response but much greater resistance to extinction then does continuous reinforcement |
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Memory |
The persistence of learning over time thru the encoding, storage and retrieval of info |
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Recall |
Measure of memory in which a person must retrieve info learned earlier |
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Recognition |
A measure of memory in which the person must identifies items previously learned |
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Encoding |
The processing of info into the memory system |
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Parallel processing |
The processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously |
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Sensory memory |
The immediate very brief recording of sensory info in memory system |
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Explicit memory |
Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare" |
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Implicit memory |
Retention of learned skills or classically conditioned associations independent of conscious recollection aka nondeclarative memory |
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Iconic memory |
A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli, a photographic or picturre-image memory lasting a few tenths of a second |
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Echoic memory |
A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli |
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Semantic memory |
Explicit memory of facts and general knowledge |
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Episodic memory |
Explicit memory of personally experience events |
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Procedural memory |
Memory of how to do things like ride a bike |
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