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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Atoms that gain or lose electrons and become electrically charged are called...
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ions
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A covalent bond in which electrons are not shared equally resulting in a molecule whose shape gives an uneven distrubition of charges
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polar
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The attraction of the positive hydrogen end of a polar molecule to the negative nitrogen or oxygen end of another polare molecule is called a...
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hydrogen bond
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2 or more atoms may combine to form a...
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Molecule
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If atoms of different elements combine, they form...
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compound
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Describe two ways that atoms may combine with other atoms?
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Ionically or Covalently
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Shorthand used to depict the numbers and types of atoms in a molecule
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Molecular Formula
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Illustration with lines connecting molecules together
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Structural Formula
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What's the difference between a polar molecule and an ion
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A polar molecule is a covalent bond with in which electrons are not shared equally.
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A polar molecule has an ______ number of electrons. (equal or unequal)
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Unequal
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What are some properties of Water
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surface tension, solvent, Hydrogen bonds for a lattice structure when frozen, transport, cohesive
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what are some technologies that utilize the polar nature of water
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Ultrasound and MRI
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What does a pH scale measure?
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Hydrogen ion concentration
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Chemicals that resisist pH change are called
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Buffers
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Substance formed by the reaction between an acid and a base
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Salt
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Substance that releases H+ ions
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Acid
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Substance that accepts H+ ions
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Base
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Chemical compounds that contain Carbon and Hydrogen
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Organic
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Substances that usually dissociate in water, forming ions
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inorganic compounds
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A substance that completely dissolves in water
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Electrolyte
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A substance that partially or doesn't dissolve in water
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Non-Electrolyte
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The maintenance of ions within the body in certain concentrations
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Electrolyte Balance
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These provide much of the energy that cells require and are made of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
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Carbohydrates
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Glucose and Starch are examples of...
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Carbohydrates
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Group of organic chemicals that are insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents such as ether and cholorform?
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Lipids
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Single C-C bonds link all the carbon atoms are called _______ fatty acid
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Saturated
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Structural materials, energy sources and chemical messengers (hormones)
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Proteins
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Proteins play vital roles in metabolism as _____
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enzymes
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What key element does protein always include
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Nitrogen (Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen and sometimes Sulfur)
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What are the building blocks of proteins
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Amino Acis
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What are the building blocks of Lipids
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Glycerol, fatty acids, and phosphate groups
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What are the building blocks of carbohydrates
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Sugars
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What are the building blocks of Nucleic Acids
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Nucleotides
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Tryglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids are examples of...
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Lipids
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Peptides are examples of...
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Proteins
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RNA and DNA are examples of
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Nucleic Acids
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Name the major parts of a cell?
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Nucleus, Cytoplasm, adn Cell Membrane
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This contains the genetic material (DNA) which directs the cell's functions
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Nucleus
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Composed of specialized structurs called cytoplasmic organelles suspended in a liquid called cytosol
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Cytoplasm
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Loosely coiled fibers containing protein and DNA within the nucleus
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Chromatin
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Location of ATP production from digested food molecules
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Mitochondrion
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Small RNA-containing particles for the synthesis of proteins
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Ribosome
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Membranous sac formed by the pinching off of pieces of cell membrane
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Vesicle (Vacoule)
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Dense body of RNA within the nucleus
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Nucleolus
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Slender tubes that provide movement in cilia and flagella
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Microtubule
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Organelles composed of membrane-bound sacs, canals, and vesicles for tubular transport
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Occupies space between the cell membrane and nucleus
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Cytoplasm
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Flattened membranous sacs that package a secretion
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Golgi apparatus
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Membranous sac that contains digestive enzymes
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Lysosome
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Separates nuclear contents from cytoplasm
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Nuclear envelope
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Spherical organelle that contains chromatin and nucleolus
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Nucleus
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Mainly composed of lipids and proteins
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Cell Membrane
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Membrane protein that receives and transmits messages into a cell
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Receptor Protein
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Membrane protein that forms pores, channels and carries in cell membrane, dransduce signals
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Integral proteins
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Protein that enables certain cells to touch or bind
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Cellular Adhesion molecules (CAMs)
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A + B >>>>> AB
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Synthesis Reaction: When 2 or more atoms bond to form a complex structure
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AB >>>>> A + B
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Decomposition Reaction: When a Bond breaks to form simpler molecules, atoms, or ions
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AB + CD >>>>> AD + CB
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Exchange Reaction: Parts of 2 different types of molecules as bonds are broken and new bonds are formed
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A + B >>><<< AB
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Reversible Reaction: The products can change back into the original reactant
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1
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Cell Membrane
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2
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Vesicle (Secretory Structure)
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3
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Golgi Apparatus
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4
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Ribosome
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5
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Rough ER
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6
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Nuclelous
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10
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Smooth ER
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11
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Centresome
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12
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Cytoplasm
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13
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Mitochondrion
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14
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Lysosome
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