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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What decade was contemporary model developed |
1990's |
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Using contemporary approach, learning or motor change depends on person's? |
Characteristics and Environmental variations |
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Bobath was developed by |
Karel and Berta Bobath |
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____ emerged in the 1970 as a paradigm to shift away from medical model and back towards a client centered approach? |
Model of Human Occupation (MOHO) |
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This approach was developed originally for clients with stroke and CP? |
Bobath's NDT |
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What at the four traditional theories used with Motor Control? |
Rood Approach, Bobath's Neurodevelopment techniques, Brunnstrom's Movement theory, Proprioceptive Neuromotor facilitation |
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Using Rood approach, what is the main function of using light vs heavy muscles? |
Light muscle are for movement, voluntarily control. Heavy muscles are for stabilization: reflexes. |
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____ is shaped by personal causation, values, interests? |
Volition (MOHO) |
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___ is developed for patients children with CP? |
Rood's Approach |
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This theory uses knowledge from Human Development and psychology? |
Motor Control |
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What is Hierarchical |
Top Down approach. Movement is control from the top down (The higher centers control the lower centers |
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What is Heterachical |
movement is the results several factors working together. Personal factors (including the CNS and the musculoskeletal system), Nature of the task being done, and Environmental conditions |
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PNF multisensory includes these three things |
Physical contact by therapist, verbal commands, and visual cues |
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Traditional approach is organized in what manner |
Hierarchical |
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MOHO believes the person's characteristic are centered around what three things? |
Volition, Habituation, Performance Capacities |
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Habituation is the process of organizing our actions into? |
Patterns and Routines |
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The presence of ____ means damage of CNS has reverted back to an early stage |
Reflex Synergies Limb Synergy |
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The four traditional theories share similar concepts and techniques, goal of improving motor control, and the use of neuroplactivity. They are referred to collectively as |
Neurodevelopmental techniques (NDT) |
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Neuroplasticity |
the CNS' ability to organize and reorganizes as a result of experience |
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With CNS damage, ________ to the muscles s preserved but impaired due to the damage |
Neural Communication |
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What is Rood Approach central theory? |
Central to this theory is the focus on reflex patterns |
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PNF central factor of this theory is? |
Is the use of the diagonal patterns for recovery of motor function. The diagonal patterns are important because they involve natural movements, are part of normal development and require integration of both sides of the body |
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Brunnstrom's Central to this theory? |
Central to this theory is the term "limb Synergy" |
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What is limb synergy (reflex synergies) |
These are group of muscles that produce a predictable patterns of movement in flexion and extension patterns. (You will see more flexion than extension during recovery. The presence of these means that the damaged CNS has reverted to an earlier developmental stage |
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What is Contemporary Approach |
Emphasizes the role of the occupation being performed and the occupational context in which it is performed. Motor control is a behavior that is self organizes specifically in the context of performing a given task. |
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Basic Premise of Contemporary Approach |
Functional tasks help Organize Behavior |
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What is the Definition of Motor Control |
The ability to use one's body effectiviely while performing an occupation |
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What is the Traditional Motor Control? |
Hierarchical Manner. Movement results from snesory input from the higher centers to the lower centers. The environment does not directly influence motor control |
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What is the Contemporary Motor Control? |
Heterarchical Manner. Higher and lower systems work together. Motor control is learned when the patient seeks optimal solutions for accomplishing a task |
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Rood's Intervention states |
The appropriate sensory stimulation elicits specific motor responses. Involves 4 strategies. |
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Four strategies for Rood Approach |
1. Normalize muscle tone 2. Begin with patient's current development level 3. Focus on goal or purpose of an activity 4. Use repetition to reinforce learning |
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Bobath view of motor problem |
Following brain damage result in abnormal muscle tone and abnormal posture patterns. With abnormal movement, the person's sensation reflects this resulting in abnormal sensory feedback providing incorrect information to the CNS |
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What is Rood Goal? |
Person achieves satisfactory and voluntary control of the movement |
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Bobath's goal |
Once a person is able to control a particular movement pattern, they can begin to integrate it into skilled activities. |
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Brunnstorm developed for |
Patients with hemiplegia after a stroke. Belief that there is a progression of reflex development |
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Brunnstrom Intervention |
Eliciting reflex synergies. Then use those synergies as a basis for progressively learning more mature voluntary movement. Use movement patterns in order to progress through the recovery stage |
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Brunnstrom's goal |
OT goals are using controlled movement in purposeful activity |
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What is Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) |
Stimulation of proprioception to promote or hasten neuromuscular response. |
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How many level of recovery for Brunnstrom |
Seven levels. Flaccidity, Appearance of basic limb synergies, Synergies are performed voluntarily, Spacticity begins to decrease, Further decrease, Isolated joint movement, Normal Function |
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D1 Flexion |
Bottom of same side to top of opposite side. Ipsilateral low to contralateral high |
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D1 Extension |
Top of opposite side to bottom of same side. Contralateral high to Ipsilateral Low |
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D2 Flexion |
Bottom on opposite side to top on same side. Contralateral low to Ipsilateral High |
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D2 Extension |
High same side to bottom of opposite side. Ipsilateral high to Contralateral low |
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PNF Goal |
The Most effective treatment is goal directed movements combined with facilitation techniques. |
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Contemporary Model Reflects |
A major shift from hierarchical and reflex models to a systems model of motor control and motor learning |
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Premises of Contemporary Model |
The nervous system is only one system that influences motor behavior. CNS is organized heterarchically. Motor development is due to changes in multiple systems, not just maturation of the CNS |
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What is Traditional Theory |
Changes in motor development are due to maturation of the nervous system. Development progresses through a particular sequence and follow a progression of cephalocudal |
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How Contemporary approach views motor problems |
Movement patterns are the consequence of the dynamics between the patient, their abilities and limitations, the task itself and the environmental conditions. |
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Traditional Approach Intervention |
Evaluation- Primary focus on sensorimotor and cognitive components of muscle tone, reflexes, abnormal movement patterns. Treatment focuses on remediation of impaired components |
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Contemporary Approach Emphasizes |
Learning the entire task, not just the discrete parts because feedback on completing the whole task is more beneficial than feedback on just a part of the task |
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Contemporary Approach Goal |
This approach stresses a collaborative and client-centered approach that considers a client's roles and motives. |
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MOHO |
First Client-centered model. Emerged in 1970. Recognized that many factors beyond motor, cognitive and sensory affected occupational engagement. Can be applied to wide population and in multiple settings |
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MOHO theory |
is based on open systems theory ( a human is a self organising system in interaction with the environment ) Humans interact with the environment largely throughoccupation |
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MOHO Person's Characteristic |
Volition, Habituation, Performance Capacity |
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What is Habituation |
About of MOHO's personal characteristic. Process of organizing our actions into patterns and routines. |
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What is Performance Capacity? |
About of MOHO's Personal characteristic. Mental and physical abilites, incorporates other theories to address impairments. Stress importance of person and experience in regards to ability to carry out occupational performance skills. |
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MOHO. 3 level in person's engagement in occupation |
Occupational Participation, Occupational Performance, Skills |
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What are Occupational Participation |
Engaging in work, play, or activities that are desire or necssary to a person's well-being |
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What are Occupational Performance |
Doing a task related to participation in a major life area |
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What are skills |
Goal directed actions that a person uses while performing occupation |
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What is environment in MOHO |
A person's characteristics and environment are linked together when engaged in a occupational. Physical, Social, Occupational Identity, Occupational Competence, Occupational Adaptation |
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Nine dimensions of Client Occupational Engagment |
Choose/ Decide. Commit. Explore. Identify. Negotiate. Plan. Practice. Reexamine. Sustain |
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Therapeutic Strategies Identified by MOHO |
Validating, Identifying, Giving Feedback, Advising, Negotiating, Structuring, Coaching, Encouraging, Physcial Support |
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Steps to therapeutic reasoning using MOHO |
Generate Questions, Gathering Information, Explain Client's situation, Generate goal, Implementing, Outcomes |