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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
When we abruptly lose consciousness and fall asleep, our brain enters |
the NREM state. |
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According to Kolb’s model of drug use, |
people who take drugs to enhance a positive mood are less likely to become abusers than people who take them to alleviate a negative mood. |
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The first REM period occurs about 90 minutes after we fall asleep. This may signal the ‘switching’ from _____ hemispheric functioning to the start of ______ hemispheric functioning and the beginning of dreams that are more fantasy/intuitive in character. |
left; right
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Which of the following biological temperaments of individuals is associated with a likely use of stimulants in an attempt to combat their ‘chronic state of underarousal’? |
activity temperament |
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Greater activity in the _______ suggests that subjects who are sleep-deprived have more trouble attending/organizing a list of words in order to memorize them than subjects who are not sleep-deprived. |
prefrontal cortex |
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It has been found that it is very difficult to make animals addicts. This line of research suggests, among other things, that |
psychological and social needs play a role in addiction. |
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For Hartmann, emotional or stressful events become integrated into our life experience during REM through the |
dissipation of the emotion by making new and strengthening weak connections. |
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Sleepwalking is least likely to occur during |
REM sleep. |
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In order to give up addictions, such as a heroin addiction, people need to |
decide they have a choice. learn how to manage negative emotions. identify activities that can be satisfying. |
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The socially adverse behavioral effects of alcohol (e.g., aggression) appear to be caused by |
expectations. |
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According to Hobson, during REM sleep the brain operates free of external stimulation and internal inhibition. Freedom from internal inhibition is brought about by |
the shutting down of aminergic cells. |
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The rhythmical fluctuations in the output of epinephrine suggest that the biological clock that controls our circadian rhythm is located in the |
hypothalamus. |
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Introverts |
have a higher body temperature in the morning. |
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Reduced sleep regimens produce |
feelings of sleepiness and fatigue. |
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Evidence suggests that the effects of sleep loss are greater on
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tasks that are complex and that demand sustained attention. |
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Which of the following most closely approximates the ‘traditional definition’ of aggression? |
behavior that involves the intention to physically harm another person |
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An important function of emotions is to |
reward, punish, and sustain. |
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The idea that the intent to commit ‘psychological harm’ is a form of aggression is most closely associated with |
the newer concept of aggression. |
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The difference between ‘affective’ and ‘instrumental’ aggesssion is |
affective aggression is characterized by emotion while instrumental aggression is characterized by goal-directed behavior. |
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In order to account for individual variation in the persistence of goal-directed behavior, it became necessary to consider the role of |
emotions. |
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Which of the following systems instigates aggression? |
Both the Fight-Flight System and the Behavioral Activation System |
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A major factor that determines whether a person interprets a potential stressor |
perceived controllability. |
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From a biological perspective, individual differences in trait aggression can be explained in terms of |
differences in the threshold for activating each of the underlying systems for aggression. |
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When people evaluate a situation as threatening, |
their attention tends to focus on their emotions rather than the problem. they experience a negative emotion. they tend to view the situation as uncontrollable. |
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People normally do not strike out indiscriminately when frustrated. This can be explained by |
the principles of generalization and inhibition. |
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Elderly individuals given more control in their lives |
were healthier, experienced less stress, and lived longer. |
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It is thought that exercise often moderates the effects of stress because it |
reduces negative mood. |
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Which of the following suggests that testosterone may mediate goal-directed behaviors in the service of the need to control other people? |
that testosterone rises when boys are socially challenged and is linked to social dominance |
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According to LeDoux, impulsivity and antisocial behavior are often the result of |
acting without complete information. |
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According to Berkowitz, blind rage can best be conceptualized as |
a failure to differentiate emotions. |