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140 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
CHAPTER 1 |
CHAPTER 1 |
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A local area network (LAN) is defined by _______________. |
the geometric size of the network |
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The largest geographic area a wide area network (WAN) can span is _______________. |
the world |
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A proposed standard is elevated to ________ standard status after at least two successful tries. |
draft |
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Which of the following is not one of the components of a data communication system? |
A)Message B)Sender C)Medium D)All of the choices are correct |
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List characteristics of a data communication system? |
A)Delivery B)Accuracy C)Jitter |
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Data can flow only in one direction all of the times in a _________ mode. |
simplex |
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Data can flow only in both direction all of the times in a _________ mode. |
full-duplex |
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List network criterias |
A)Performance B)Reliability C)Security |
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In a _____________ communication, the media needs to be shared between devices. |
multipoint |
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In a _____________ communication, the media is dedicated. |
point-to-point |
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In a fully connected mesh topology with six computers, we need ________ links. |
15 |
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In a star topology with six computers, we need ________ links. |
6 |
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An RFC is labeled ________ if it must be implemented by all Internet systems. |
required |
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_______ was formed to connect universities with no defense ties. |
CSNET |
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Currently _______ is responsible for the management of Internet domain names and addresses. |
ICANN |
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CHAPTER 2 |
CHAPTER 2 |
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The TCP/IP protocol suite consists of _______ layers. |
5 layers |
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A router is involved in ____________ layers of the TCP/IP protocol suite. |
3 |
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A link-layer switch is involved in ______________ layers of the TCP/IP protocol suite. |
2 |
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In the TCP/IP protocol suite, which of the following is an application layer protocol? |
A)The User Datagram Protocol (UDP) B)The Internet Protocol (IP) C)The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) D)The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) |
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In the TCP/IP protocol suite, which of the following is a transport-layer protocol? |
The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) |
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In the TCP/IP protocol suite, which of the following is a network layer protocol? |
The Internet Protocol (IP) |
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The transport-layer packet in the TCP/IP protocol suite is called _______________. |
a segment or a user datagram |
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In the TCP/IP protocol suite, the ______ layer is responsible for moving frames from one hop (node) to the next. |
data-link layer |
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In the TCP/IP protocol suite, the physical layer is concerned with the movement of _______ over the physical medium. |
bits |
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In the TCP/IP protocol suite, a port number is the identifier at the____________. |
transport layer |
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In the TCP/IP protocol suite, a logical address is the identifier at the _______________. |
network layer |
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The_________ layer is responsible for the delivery of a message from one process to another. |
transport layer |
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The Internet Protocol (IP) is ________ protocol. |
an unreliable |
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The application layer in the TCP/IP protocol suite is usually considered to be the combination of ________layers in the OSI model. |
application, presentation, and session |
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In TCP/IP, a message at the application layer is encapsulated in a packet at the ________ layer. |
transport |
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In TCP/IP, a message belonging to the network layer is decapsulated from a packet at the ________ layer. |
data-link layer |
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In TCP/IP, a message belonging to the transport layer is decapsulated from a packet at the ________ layer. |
network |
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In TCP/IP, a logical connection between an entity at the network layer can be made with another entity at the ________ layer. |
network |
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In TCP/IP, a logical connection between an entity at the data-link layer can be made with another entity at the ________ layer. |
data-link |
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In TCP/IP, a packet at the third layer carries data belonging to the ________ layer and the header belonging to the _________ layer. |
fourth; third |
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CHAPTER 3 Quiz Questions |
CHAPTER 3 Quiz Questions |
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In a frequency-domain plot, the horizontal axis measures the ________. |
frequency |
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In a time-domain plot, the horizontal axis is a measure of ________. |
time |
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_______ data are continuous and take continuous values. |
Analog |
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_______ data have discrete states and take discrete values. |
Digital |
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_____ signals have an infinite number of values in a time interval. |
Analog |
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_______ signals can have only a limited number of values in a time interval. |
Digital |
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Frequency and period are ______. |
inverse of each other |
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________is the rate of change with respect to time. |
Frequency |
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_______ describes the position of the waveform relative to time 0. |
Phase |
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A simple sine wave can be represented by one single spike in the _____ domain. * |
frequency |
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As frequency increases, the period ________. |
decreases |
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________ is a type of transmission impairment in which the signal loses strength due to the resistance of the transmission medium. |
Attenuation |
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________ is a type of transmission impairment in which the signal loses strength due to the different propagation speeds of each frequency that makes up the signal. |
Distortion |
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________ is a type of transmission impairment in which an outside source such as crosstalk corrupts a signal. |
Noise |
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When propagation speed is multiplied by propagation time, we get the ________. |
distance a signal or bit has traveled |
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Baseband transmission of a digital signal is possible only if we have a ____ channel. |
low-pass |
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If the available channel is a ____ channel, we cannot send a digital signal directly to the channel. |
bandpass |
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For a ______ channel, the Nyquist bit rate formula defines the theoretical maximum bit rate. |
noiseless bitrate = 2 x bandwidth x log(2,L) |
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For a ______ channel, we need to use the Shannon capacity to find the maximum bit rate. |
shannon capacity = bandwidth x log(2,1+SNR) |
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_________ can impair a signal. |
A)Attenuation B)Distortion C)Noise |
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The _________ product defines the number of bits that can fill the link. |
bandwidth-delay |
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CHAPTER 4 |
CHAPTER 4 |
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Polar and bipolar encoding are types of _______ coding. |
line |
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___________ conversion involves three techniques: line coding, block coding, and scrambling. |
Digital-to-digital |
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In ______ schemes, the voltage level oscillates between a positive and a negative value although it may remain at zero level between the two values. |
polar |
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In _____, the level of the voltage determines the value of the bit. |
NRZ-L |
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In ______, the change or lack of change in the level of the voltage determines the value of the bit. |
NRZ-I |
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The idea of RZ and the idea of NRZ-L are combined into the ________ scheme. |
Manchester |
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The idea of RZ and the idea of NRZ-I are combined into the ________ scheme. |
differential Manchester |
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In Manchester and differential Manchester encoding, the transition at the middle of the bit is used for __________. |
synchronization |
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In _______encoding, we use three levels: positive, zero, and negative. |
bipolar |
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The _____ scheme uses data patterns of size 2 and encodes the 2-bit patterns as one signal element belonging to a four-level signal. |
2B1Q |
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_______ encoding has a transition at the middle of each bit. |
A)RZ B)Manchester C)Differential Manchester |
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_______ encoding has a transition at the beginning of each 0 bit. |
Differential Manchester |
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Which of the following encoding methods does not provide for synchronization? |
NRZ-L |
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Which encoding method uses alternating positive and negative values for 1s? |
NRZ-I |
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Block coding can help in _______ and _________ at the receiver. |
synchronization and error detection |
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________ is the process of converting digital data to a digital signal. |
A)Block coding B)Line coding C)Scrambling |
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_______ provides redundancy to ensure synchronization and inherent error detection. |
Block coding |
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________ is normally referred to as mB/nB coding; it replaces each m-bit group with an n-bit group. |
Block coding |
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________ provides synchronization without increasing the number of bits. |
Scrambling |
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Two common scrambling techniques are ________. |
B8ZS and HDB3 |
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PCM is an example of _______ conversion. |
analog-to-digital |
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The most common technique to change an analog signal to digital data is called __________. |
PCM |
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The first step in PCM is ________. |
sampling |
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______ finds the value of the signal amplitude for each sample; ____ finds the change from the previous sample. |
PCM; DM |
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CHAPTER 5 |
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ASK, PSK, FSK, and QAM are examples of ________ conversion. |
digital-to-analog |
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AM, FM, and PM are examples of ________ conversion. |
analog-to-analog |
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In QAM, both ________ of a carrier frequency are varied. |
amplitude and phase |
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In ________, the amplitude of the carrier signal is varied to create signal elements. Both frequency and phase remain constant. |
ASK |
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In _________, the frequency of the carrier signal is varied to represent data. Both peak amplitude and phase remain constant. |
FSK |
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In ________, the phase of the carrier is varied to represent two or more different signal elements. Both peak amplitude and frequency remain constant. |
PSK |
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Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) is a combination of ___________. |
ASK and PSK |
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________ uses two carriers, one in-phase and the other quadrature. |
QAM |
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How many carrier frequencies are used in BASK? |
1 |
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How many carrier frequencies are used in BFSK? |
2 |
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How many carrier frequencies are used in BPSK? |
1 |
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Which of the following is not an analog-to-analog conversion? |
QAM |
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In _____ transmission, the carrier signal is modulated so that its amplitude varies with the changing amplitudes of the modulating signal. |
AM |
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In the analog transmission of the digital signal, the baud rate is ___________ the bit rate. |
less than or equal to |
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In ASK, the bandwidth is ________. |
equal or greater than signal rate |
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With the same signal rate, the bandwidth of FSK is normally ___________ the bandwidth for ASK. |
greater than |
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The bandwidth of an AM signal is ______________ the bandwidth of the original analog signal. |
two times |
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In AM radio, the allocated bandwidth for each station is ___________ kHz. |
10 |
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In FM radio, the allocated bandwidth for each station is ___________ kHz. |
200 |
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CHAPTER 6 |
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Which multiplexing technique is used for analog signals? |
PDM |
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Which multiplexing technique is used for digital signals? |
TDM |
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Which multiplexing technique shifts each signal to a different carrier frequency? |
FDM |
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Which multiplexing technique involves signals composed of light beams? |
WDM |
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Which multiplexing technique shifts each signal to a different carrier frequency? |
FDM |
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Which multiplexing technique involves signals composed of light beams? |
WDM |
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________ is the set of techniques that allows the simultaneous transmission of multiple signals across a single data link. |
Multiplexing |
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____ is designed to use the high bandwidth capability of fiber-optic cable. |
WDM |
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______ is an analog multiplexing technique to combine optical signals. |
WDM |
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_____ is a digital process that allows several connections to share the high bandwidth of a link. |
TDM |
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We can divide ____ into two different schemes: synchronous or statistical. |
TDM |
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In ________ TDM, each input connection has an allotment in the output even if it is not sending data. |
synchronous |
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In ________ TDM, slots are dynamically allocated to improve bandwidth efficiency. |
statistical |
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The _______ technique uses M different carrier frequencies that are modulated by the source signal. At one moment, the sign modulates one carrier frequency; at the next moment, the signal modulates another carrier frequency. |
FHSS |
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The ______ technique expands the bandwidth of a signal by replacing each data bit with n bits using a spreading code. |
DSSS |
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Groups, super groups, master groups, and jumbo groups are terms used in ______________. |
FDM |
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Multilevel multiplexing is a strategy used in ___________. |
TDM |
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Multislot allocation is a strategy used in ___________. |
TDM |
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Frame synchronization is a strategy used in ___________. |
TDM |
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A T-1 line uses ___________ frames. |
8000 |
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We need addressing mechanism in ___________ TDM. |
statistical |
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CHAPTER 7 |
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Transmission media are usually categorized as _______. |
guided or unguided |
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Transmission media lie below the _______ layer. |
physical |
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_______ cable consists of an inner copper core and a second conducting outer sheath. |
Coaxial |
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In fiber optics, the signal is _______ waves. |
light |
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Which of the following is not a guided medium? |
atmosphere |
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Twisting in a twisted-pair help reduce the __________. |
noise |
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Noise in a coaxial cable is reduced by ___________________. |
the outer conductor |
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UTP and STP are different implementations of ___________________ cable. |
twisted-pair |
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RJ-45 is a type of connectors used in _________ cabling. |
twisted-pair |
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RG rating is used in _________ cable. |
coaxial |
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SC and TP are two types of connectors used in _________ cabling. |
fiber-optic |
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The infrared wave has frequencies ________ microwave. |
below |
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BNC is a type of connectors used in _________ cabling. |
coaxial |