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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which is not one of the characteristics of the Indigenous justice paradigm?
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Vertical Power Structure
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Which ethnic/racial group has the least amount of confidence in the courts?
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Blacks
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What is the relationship of being released on bail and whether someone is convicted?
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98% of people released on bail were acquitted
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What does the 8th amendment say bout bail?
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should not be excessive
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Bail statutes require judges to consider risk factors of what type?
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race of victim
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In the early 20th century Mexicans in LA were represented by a stellar public defense system?
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true
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What Supreme Court case ruled that all felony defendants have a right to counsel?
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Gideon vs. Wainwright
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What concept explains when jurors ignore the evidence and acquit someone who is guilty?
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Jury Nullification
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The use of what practice allows both the prosecution and defense to remove jurors without cause?
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Voir Dire
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Early in American history, plea bargaining was frowned upon by JS officials?
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True
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In the event of a jury trial, the jury selection process begins with, or the selection of a jury pool?
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venire
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Race and jury pool (selection)
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true
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____ is credited with starting the first drug court in 1989
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Dade County, FL
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Crimes committed by non-Indians on reservations?
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False
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The focus of drug courts and punishment.
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False
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The only concern with drug courts is that they cost more than incarcerating offenders.
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False
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According to recent research drug court participants tend to have lower recidivism rates than non drug court participants.
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True
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The Indigenous Paradigm of Justice values written records
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False
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Racial disparities in sentencing have only been found in studies focusing on felony sentencing.
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False
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The justification for punishments amount to what are generally referred to as “philosophies of punishment” or___?
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Sentencing philosophies
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What concept represents the punishment given most of the slaves in early colonial cases reviewed in the text
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Whipping
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Three strikes you’re out laws and recent sentencing innovation.
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True
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What is the Supreme Court case that decided that mandatory crack penalties were advisory in nature and judges could take into account sentencing disparities related to different types of drugs?
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Kimbrough vs. United States
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What was the ethnic group that was involved in most of the crime in Colonial NY?
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English
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The “get tough” approach included what acts except?
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Excludes mandatory minimum statuses
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One of the most popular sentencing approaches adopted during the 197s was?
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Presumptive Sentencing Guidelines
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Once the Federal Sentencing Guidelines were enacted in 1984, federal parole was eliminated?
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True
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The White House Office of National Drug Control Policy was officially established under the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988
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True
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Separating sentencing research into 4 waves, this scholar provided a summary of the diverse research on race and sentencing?
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Zatz
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What factors was not found by Spohn to be a contributor to racial minorities being sentenced more harshly than Whites?
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More education
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Which sentencing philosophy is not tied to the conservative approach or crime control model?
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Deterrence
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Bill Clinton was the president who pushed to equalize the crack-cocaine and powder cocaine sentences?
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False
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Recent court cases have made more a large # of prisoners convicted of crack-cocaine offenses eligible for early release.
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True
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Do Asian Americans have greater representation in the judiciary than Blacks?
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false
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Between what yrs did sentences on drug charges increase by more than 1,000%?
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Between 1980 and 1992
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More than 150 yrs ago, he became the first black man to be appointed as a judge.
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Robert Morris
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What group was at the top of Catteral’s Hierarchy of Social Precedence in Colonial America?
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White indigent servants
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An increasing finding in studies of both state and federal courts is that are receiving the harshest sentences.
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Blacks
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What concept was the term used to describe the large # of offenses that resulted in the death sentence in England
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Bloody Codes
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What courts cases resulted in elimination of the use of the death penalty in rape cases?
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Coker vs. Georgia
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Which of the following is not one of the primary challenges faced by the wrongfully convicted who are exonerated?
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Compensation
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In 1740, what state imposed the death penalty on slaves and free blacks for burning or destroying any grain, commodities, or manufactured goods?
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South Carolina
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What state has not been one of the more active death penalty states since 1977?
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Mississippi 7 since 1976
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The thesis that states replaced lynchings with the death penalty is known as?
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Subsitution Thesis
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Within the last 50 yrs, what countries have eliminated the death penalty except?
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Argentina
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It is likely the death penalty is still used as a punishment in the US b/c?
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Strong public support
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During the slave era, masters were not compensated for the execution of their slaves?
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False
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Some states have compensation packages for wrongfully-convicted offenders.
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False
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What Supreme Court Justice is known for his hypotheses regarding public opinion on the death penalty?
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Thurgood Marshall
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Blacks with higher incomes tend to be more approving of the DP than lower income blacks.
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True
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Most of the persons who have been executed since the reinstitution of the DP in 1977 are white.
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True
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This initiative examined numerous aspects of jurors who served on cases involving the DP?
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Capital Jury Project
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Racial groups support or lack thereof for the death penalty?
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true
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This philosophy is based on the premise that since the CJS works for most citizens, we can tolerate it when a small # of citizens is wrongfully convicted?
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Trial by combat
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What factors contributes to a wrongful conviction except?
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Jury gender
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The actions of former Illinois Gov. George Ryan sparked this movement?
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Death Penalty
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According to recent research murders involving white female’s victims decreases the likelihood that one will receive the DP?
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False
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The 1976 Supreme Court decision that allowed states that used guided discretion statues to reinstitute the DP was?
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Gregg vs. Georgia
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