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109 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What number is 15% more than 80?
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92
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What number is 15% less than 80?
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68
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What is the boiling and freezing points of water on both scales?
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32F 212F 0C 100C
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How many cm is 40 in?
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40x2.54= 108.6 cm
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An original technique at 40in SID used 10 mAs. What new mAs will be needed if the SID is doubled?
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40 mAs
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An original technique at 40 in SID gave an exposure of 15 mr/hr. What would be the exposure if the SID is doubled?
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3.75 mr/hr
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What is Einstein's theory and equation? What do the initials mean?
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E-=mc^2
enery= mass times the speed of light squared |
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What are the three fundamental units?
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mass, length, time
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what are derived units and what are four examples?
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combination of 2 fundamental units.
volume, area, density, velocity, temperature |
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energy
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actual or potential energy to do work
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electromagnetic radiation
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electric and magnetic disturbances
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thermal energy
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motion of molecules
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speed of light
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186,000 miles per second
3x10^8 cm/sec 3x10^10 mm/sec |
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work
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work=Fd
measure in Joules |
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kinetic energy
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KE
energy of motion |
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Potential energy
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PE
energy of position |
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kilo
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10^3
1000 |
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hecto
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10^2
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nano
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10^-9
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milli
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10^-3
.001 |
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deka
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10^1
da |
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mm
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millimeters
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mega
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10^6
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micro
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10^-6
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centi
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10^-2
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Power
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P=IV (amps x volts)
P=work/t measure in Watts |
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physics
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study of relationship between matter and energy
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radiologic physics
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origins, nature and behavior of x-rays and related types of radiation
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Ten Day Rule
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day 1-10 of menstrual cycle is safest for x-rays
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matter
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anything that occupies space and has form/shape
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ionization
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removal or addition of electron
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neutral atom
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protons equal to electrons
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ion
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protons not equal to electrons
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unstable atom
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p and n not getting along
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joule
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J (unit of work or energy)
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erg
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unit of work or energy
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resistance/ohm (R)
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hinderance to flow of electrons
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ampere (I)
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current
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voltage (V)
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pushes electrons
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watt/ horsepower
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unit of power
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direct proportion
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as a increases b increases or as a decreases b decreases
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inverse proportion
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as a increases b decreases
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speed (velocity)
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motion of an object
V=d/t measure in m/s |
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acceleration
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rate of change of velocity
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specific gravity
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no units
compared to density of water |
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temperature
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measures molecules in motion
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cryogens
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liquid coolants (very cold) used to keep MRI magnet cool
Nitrogen and Helium |
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Gravity
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9.8 m/s
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momentum
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p=mv
measured in kg-m/s |
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inertia
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ability of an object to resist change
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what type of proportion?
amount of exposure and time |
direct
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what type of proportion?
lead and patient/operator radiation dose |
inverse
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what type of proportion?
SID and exposure |
inverse
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what type of proportion?
mAs and film density |
direct
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what type of proportion?
kV and wavelength |
inverse
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what type of proportion?
SID and film density |
inverse
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what type of proportion?
mA and time |
inverse
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What does SID stand for?
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source- image receptor distance
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What does OID stand for?
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object-image receptor distance
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What does SOD stand for?
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source-object distance
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What type of cooling mechanism does the x-ray tube use?
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thermal radiation
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What are three types of cooling mechanisms?
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radiation, convection, conduction
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What are Newton's Three Laws in order?
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1. Law of Inertia
2. Law of force (F=ma) 3. Law of Action/ Reaction |
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1895
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x-rays are discovered
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1901
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Roentgen wins Nobel Prize in physics
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1907
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Snook transformer is introduced
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1913
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Bohr's atom
Coolidge hot-filament tube is developed |
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1920
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ASRT founded
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1896
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Edison develops fluoroscope
first medical applications of x-rays in diagnosis and therapy are made |
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1921
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Potter-Bucky grid introduced
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1929
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rotating anode introduced
Forssmann demonstrates cardiac cath on himself |
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1942
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First automatic (Pako) film processor
phototimer introduced |
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1956
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Automatic roller transport film processor introduced (Eastman Kodak)
xeromammography |
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1965
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90 second film processor is introduced (Eastmon Kodak)
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1972
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rare earth intensifying screens are introduced
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1973
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first CT (Hounsfield) development completed
MRI first demonstrated in experiments (Damadian and Lauterbur) |
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Roentgen
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discovered x-rays
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Edison
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early experimenter with calcium tungstate
fluoroscope |
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Dally
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first radiation fatality in U.S.
Edison's assistant |
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Pupin
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intensifying screen contributor
developed first CaWO4 intensifying screen |
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Crookes
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developed first gas tube with cathode rays
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Coolidge
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developed hot-filament x-ray tube (1910)
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Snook
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developed the transformer (1907)
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Hounsfield
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developed first CT scanner (1993)
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developed first reciprocating grid
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Potter
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developed hot-filament x-ray tube
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Coolidge
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Measured different potential in metals
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Galvanti
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demonstrates digital fluroscopy
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Mistretta
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formed the periodic table
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Mendeleev
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developed first CT scanner
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Hounsfield
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experiemented with atoms and mass
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Rutherford
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experimented with dosages of radiation
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Joule
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stated work=force x distance
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Joule's law
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measured various electromagnetic radiations
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Faraday
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mother of radioactivity
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Curie
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invented first battery
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Volta
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developed first gas tube with cathode rays
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Crookes
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conducted experiments with wavelength
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Maxwell
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conducted experiements with barium platinocyanide
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Rankin
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developed first grid
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Bucky
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developed first intensifying screen
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Stokes
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stated energy is mass x speed of light squared in a vacuum
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Einstein
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conducted experiments with mass, space, and atom
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Bohr
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early experimenter with calcium tungstate
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Edison
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experimented with uranium and radioactive material
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Becquerel
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showed relationship between volts, amperes, and resistance
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Ohm
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Developed first calcium tungstate screen
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Pupin
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first patient to be radiographed
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Roentgen
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developed first electronic phototiming device
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Morgan
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