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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (1996)
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HIPPA
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What are the conditions for a valid patient consent?
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legal age
be of sound mind freely given adequately informed |
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Professional ethics
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A set of principles that govern a course of action
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Health care proxy
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allows the appointment of someone you trust to make health care decisions for you if you lose the ability to make them for yourself.
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Veracity?
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To tell the truth
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tort?
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A private or civil injustice
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Quasi-intentional torts?
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defamation of character
invasion of privacy in some cases |
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Unintentional torts?
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negligence
malpractice |
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Intentional torts?
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battery
assault false imprisonment infliction of emotional distress |
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The normal adult platelet count is between?
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150,000 - 425,000 mm^3
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The normal adult WBC count is between?
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3,900 - 10,800 mm^3
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The normal adult RBC count is between?
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3.9 - 5.4 million mm^3
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The normal adult hemoglobin value is between?
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12 - 16 g/dL
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The normal adult hematocrit value is between?
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37 - 47%
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The normal adult neutrophils value is between?
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42 - 72%
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The normal adult lymphocytes value is between?
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17 - 45%
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The normal adult BUN value is between?
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7 - 20mg/dL
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The normal adult creatinine value is between?
Male? Female? |
Male: 0.6 - 1.2mg/dL
Female: 0.5 - 1.1mg/dL |
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Normal adult temperature range?
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96.8 - 98.6 F or 36 - 37 C
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Normal adult pulse range?
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60 - 90 beats/minute
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Normal adulte respiration range?
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10 - 20 breaths/minute
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Normal adult blood pressure range?
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110 - 140mmHg / 60 - 80mmHg
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Leukopenia?
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Low WBC
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Anemia?
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Low RBC
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Thrombocytopenia?
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Low platelet count
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Common pulse points?
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Wrist (radial)
Posterior knee (popliteal) Inguinal region (femoral) Neck (carotid) In front of upper ear (temporal) |
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Patients Bill of Rights?
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The right to:
Refuse Tx Have an advance directive Privacy Considerate & respectful care Be informed completely Confidentiality Review his/her records Know about institutional business relationships that could influence care Informed of, consent to , decline research studies Continuity of care |
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What are 4 challenges in communication?
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Language
Hearing & speech impairment Literacy Impaired cognitive ability |
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Cultural competency
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Possessing a set of attitudes, congruent behaviors and policies that come together in an agency, system, or among professionals that enable effective interactions in a cross-cultural or multicultural environment
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The 10 modes of communication?
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Laughing
Tears Smiles Verbal Nodding Written Nonverbal Eyebrow movement Eyes closed Hands making a fist while laying down |
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Tools for effective communication?
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Handouts
Other patients Support groups Books Videos |
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T/F? Information about a patient can be shared with only their immediate family
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False
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3 types of touch?
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Emotional support
Emphasis Palpitation |
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Example of professional appearance
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Not wearing any strong smelling lotions, perfumes, axe body spray (Donny)
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Adolescents?
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10 - 25 years old
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Young adults
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25 - 45 years old
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Mature adults
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65 and older
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Maslow's hierarchy
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Physiological
Safety Love/belonging Esteem Self actualization |
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The 5 stages of grief and coping?
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Denial
Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance |
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Important Autonomy documentation
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DNR
Living wills Power of attorney Informed consent Advance directive |
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5 Rights of drug safety?
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RIght patient
Right time/frequency Right dose Right route of administration Right drug |
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Hospice
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Is end-of-life care provided by health professionals and volunteers. They give medical, psychological and spiritual support. The goal of the care is to help people who are dying have peace, comfort and dignity.
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Signs of mucositis?
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Dryness
Red inflammation Ulceration Necrotic tissue |
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Myelosuppression
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the decrease in cells responsible for providing immunity, carrying oxygen, and those responsible for normal blood clotting.
Most frequent and most serious chemo-related toxicity |
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Esophagitis?
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difficulty swallowing
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Anticoagulant
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Reduces blood clotting ability
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Analgesic
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pain medication
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Antiemetic
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medication give to nausea patients
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Diuretic
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Stimulates urine
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Antihistamine
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Relieve allergic reactions
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Low residue diet
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Cooked vegetables
Applesauce Cottage cheese Mild baked fish Water |
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Anorexia
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A general loss of appetite or no interest in food
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Bulimia
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An illness in which a person binges on food or has regular episodes of overeating. The person then uses different methods -- such as vomiting or abusing laxatives -- to prevent weight gain.
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Alopecia
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The loss of hair
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Proper body mechanics
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Bend at knees
Keep back straight Maintain center of gravity Wide base |
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Keep IV ________________ injection site during patient transfer
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Above
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Keep Chest tubes ______________ injection site during patient transfer
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Lower
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Keep urinary catheter line ____________ site of origin
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Below
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Do not use___________ around open flames or sparks
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Oxygen
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T/F? Always stand O2 cylinder upright
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False
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T/F? During a seizure you should try to restrain the patient
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False
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Signs of respiratory distress
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Tachypnea
Cyanosis Abnormal breathing sounds |
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Tachypnea
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Rapid breathing
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Bradycardia
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slow heart rate
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Cyanosis
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Blue or purple coloration of the skin
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The 4 levels of consciousness
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Alert and oriented
Drowsy – Can be aroused with loud speaking/gentle physical contact Unconscious – Reacts only to painful stimulus Comatose – Unresponsive to virtually all stimulus |
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ABC's of CPR
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Airway
Breathing Compressions |
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Anaphylactic shock
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severe allergic reaction causing bronchial airway to be restricted
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Epinephrine
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Used to treat someone in anaphylactic shock such as a bee sting or IV contrast reaction
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The 3 levels of allergic reactions
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Mild: Altered taste, sweats, hives/rash, headache, dizziness
Moderate: Hypotension, tachy or bradycardia, hypertension, dyspnea Severe: unresponsiveness, convulsions, cardiopulmonary arrest |
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Cachexia
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Progressive involuntary weight loss
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Hypoglycemia
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Low blood glucose
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Hyperglycemia
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High blood glucose
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Asepsis
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Absence of disease causing pathogens
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Antiseptic
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Inhibits the growth of bacteria
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Sterilization
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Process by which all microorganisms are destroyed
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Penetration
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Microorganisms invade past the epithelial barrier
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Nosocomial infections
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Infections acquired during a hospital stay
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Hand washing
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The MOST important aseptic techniques
Remember sing happy birthday twice |
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Direct mode of transmission
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Contact or touch
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Indirect mode of transmission
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airborne and vectors
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Physical methods of sterilizations
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Heat sterilization
Autoclave |
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Sterile field
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A microorganism-free area that can receive sterile supplies
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Dimorphic fungi
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Have the ability to grow in tow forms:
Yeast - single celled Mold |
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Spread
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the propagation of an infectious organism
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Exogenous transmission
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From outside the body
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Endogenous transmission
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From inside the body
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Fomite
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An inanimate object that has been in contact with an infectious organism
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Reservoir
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The site where and infectious organism can remain alive and from which transmission can occur
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Blood -borne pathogens
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HIV
Hepatitis B |
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Droplet precautions
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surgical mask
Transmission through droplets and can't travel farther than 3 feet |
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Disinfectants
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Chemicals that alter the environment unfavorable to the microbe
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The most common means of transmission?
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Direct contact
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Three things to check for a sterile drape
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Must be clean
Must be dry Expiration date has not passed |
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Surgical asepsis
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A procedure to prevent contamination of microbes before, during and after surgery
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4 factors in the spread of disease?
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Host
Infectious organism Mode of transportation Reservoir |
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Incubation period
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Time time it takes for the organism to multiply
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Ingression
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Microorganisms adhere to the cell and excrete toxins
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Marasmus
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calorie malnutrition
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Kwashiorkor
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protein malnutrition
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