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43 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
an outpouching that occurs due to a weakening in the lining of, in this particular instance, the digestive system. |
Zenker’s Diverticulum |
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This type of diverticulum forms in the mid esophagus area. |
Traction Diverticulum: |
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arises in the distal esophagus just superior to the lower esophageal sphincter (LES).
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Epiphrenic Diverticulum |
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when a portion of the stomach protrudes into the thorax through the esophageal opening in the diaphragm.
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Hiatal Hernia: |
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The protrusion of a portion of the stomach (hernia) through the esophageal opening of the diaphragm (hiatus) |
Sliding Hiatal Hernia: |
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a portion of the stomach has herniated into the thorax (a) while the esophagus and lower esophageal sphincter remain in place (b). |
Paraesophageal Hiatal Hernia: |
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it is also often referred to as heartburn and acid reflux.
characterized by a backward flow of gastric contents into the esophagus due to an incompetent lower esophageal sphincter (LES).
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: |
GERD |
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This is the exact opposite of acid reflux. an esophageal motility disorder that occurs due to the inability of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) to relax. |
Achalasia: |
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are dilated, tortuous veins of the esophagus which may rupture. |
Esophageal Varices: |
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represents 2% of all cancers and there is a high incidence in smokers and alcoholics. |
Esophagus Cancer: |
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a general term that is used to describe ulcers of the stomach and duodenum |
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD): |
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This is the most common type of peptic ulcer |
Peptic Ulcer Disease: Duodenal |
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It is generally asymptomatic in the early stages and has generally metastasized to other areas of the body by the time it has been diagnosed. |
Gastric Carcinoma: |
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This is a hard mass of entangled material found within the stomach or intestines that cannot be digested. |
Bezoar: |
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a partial or complete loss of the normal peristaltic action of the small and/or large intestine thus impeding the normal transit of chyme. |
Bowel Obstruction: |
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categories of bowel obstructions |
adynamic or paralytic ileus and a mechanical bowel obstruction |
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Signs and symptoms of a bowel obstruction |
Abdominal Pain and/or Cramping Abdominal Distention Vomiting and Fecal Vomiting (unpalatable!) Constipation |
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This type of bowel obstruction is caused by a reduction in the normal peristaltic action of the intestines. |
Adynamic or ParAlytic Ileus: |
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This is the second category for bowel obstructions. caused by a motility disorder that results from some type of structural abnormality. |
Mechanical Bowel Obstruction |
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Many factors can contribute to a mechanical bowel obstruction |
Hernia Adhesions Volvulus Intussusception Neoplasm (Adenoma/Polyp, Adenocarcinoma) Crohn’s Disease Constipation |
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This type of obstruction is caused by a weakening of the abdominal wall that allows a portion of the small and/or large intestine to protrude through it. |
Hernia: |
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can be pushed back into the abdominal cavity |
reducible hernia |
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cannot and could therefore lead to a bowel obstruction |
incarcerated hernia |
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A common hernia in men is called |
inguinal hernia. |
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A large portion of this patients bowel (arrows) has protruded through an unnatural opening within the abdominal wall. |
Hernia: Inguinal |
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can cause a twisting of the bowel and loss of blood supply to the affected area |
Bowel Adhesion: |
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are bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect organs and tissues that are normally separate. |
Adhesions |
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is a loop of intestine that has twisted around itself causing either a partial or complete obstruction. |
Volvulus: |
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abnormal twisting of the stomach which can lead to an obstruction |
Volvulus: Gastric |
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occurs when a section of bowel is constricted by peristalsis causing it to prolapse or telescope into itself. commonly corrected with a barium enema. |
Intussusception: |
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may transform into a malignancy and must be removed. |
Adenomatous Polyp: |
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grows into the lumen of the colon is called a polyp.
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neoplasm |
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possess a stalk |
pedunculated polyp |
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is attached directly to the bowel wall. |
a sessile (barnacle) polyp |
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are generally asymptomatic but some may cause rectal bleeding, pain, diarrhea, and/or constipation. |
Colon polyps |
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is a type of neoplasm that originates in glandular tissue and can be the cause a bowel obstruction. |
Adenocarcinoma: |
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This is the last example of a disease that may be the cause of a mechanical bowel obstruction. is characterized by a chronic inflammation of the bowel and has an unknown etiology. |
Regional Enteritis or Crohn’s Disease: |
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is a very common digestive complaint where the patient experiences hard stool that can be difficult to defecate. |
Constipation: |
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In regards to the large intestine, they are commonly found in the area of the sigmoid colon. |
Diverticulum |
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occurs when a diverticulum become infected and bleeds |
Diverticulitis: |
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occurs as a result of entrapment of feces within the appendix and the presence of an appendicolith. |
Appendicitis: |
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can occur throughout the GI tract |
GI Bleed: |
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The most common causes of lower GI bleeding |
diverticulitis and angiodysplasia |
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