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7 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Regulatory Strategies |
Allosteric Control Multiple forms of Enzymes Reversible covalent modifications Proteolytic Activation Control of the amount of protein present |
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Multiple Forms of Enzymes: Phosphoprotein Proteases 2A (PP2A) |
Catalytic subunit has 2 Mg2+ ions on its active site These are near the substrate recognition site PDB ID 2NNP is the regullatory subunit Microcystin-LR is a specific inhibitor of PP2A PP2A recognises several target proteins, its specificity is provided by a regulatory subunit Different subunits can fit with the scaffold unit to create unique substrate-binding sites |
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Control the Amount of Protein Present: PEP Carboxykinase Promoter Region |
FOXO1 (transcription factor): Degraded under Insulin Receptor Activation thus reducing levels of PEP carboxykinase CREB (transcription factor): Activated by cAMP pathway which happens when glucagon is releases PEP Carboxykinase involved in gluconeogenesis |
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Control the Amount of Protein Present: Glycogen Synthesis and Degradation |
Involves glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase Amount of substrates is regulated Whole process is tightly regulated via: -Use of different enzymes in both pathways -Insulin dephosphorylating glycogen phosphorylase and glycogen synthase -Glycagon or adrenaline phosphorylates them |
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Allosteric Regulation: Glycogen Phosphorylase |
Glucose, Glucose-6-P AMP Insulin dephosphorylates Phosphorylase a Double regulation both hormonally and allosterically |
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Allosteric Regulation: Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 |
Active when dephosphorylated Insulin increase glycogen synthase activity by encouraging dehosphorylation and inhibiting phosphorylation Glucagon inhibits Glucose and Glucose-6-phosphate increase Phosphorylation happens at Serine residues by GSK3 |
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Allosteric Regulation: FA Oxidation and Synthesis |
When biosynthesis is active oxidation is inhibited via: -Action of malonyl CoA over carnitine acyl transferase I -Action of PPAR's -Role of Hormones -Action of palmitoyl CoA |
