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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
renal cortical adenoma
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from renal tubules
yellow, small < 0.5cm usually benign look like RCC |
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angiomyolipoma
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see with tuberous sclerosis
harmatomas (benign neoplasms) see increased blood vessels, smooth muscles, adipose bleed easily |
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renal oncocytoma
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from intercalated cells of collecting ducts
brown, well-encapsulated, has central scar benign but can be very large need to remove |
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in adullts what is the most common primary renal malignancy
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renal cell carcinoma
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in children what is the most prevalent primary renal malignancy
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wilms tumor - nephroblastoma
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which is more treatable renal or bladder cancer
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bladder cancer - is found earlier
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renal cell carcinoma
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adenocarcinoma of the kidney
see with smoking triad: costovertebral pain, flank mass, hematuria no oliguria often invades the renal pelvis and the renal vein paraneoplastic syndromes - hypercalcemia (secretion of PTH), polycythemia (erythropoietin) 4 types: clear cell carcinoma papillary carcinoma chromophobe renal carcinoma collecting (bellini) duct carcinoma |
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clear cell carcinoma
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most common renal cell carcinoma
originates from proximal convoluted tubules usually unifocal often mutations in von hippal lindau gene |
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papillary carcinoma
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2nd most common of renal cell carcinoma
originates from distal convoluted tubule often multifocal mutations in MET oncogene |
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chromophobe renal carcinoma
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3rd most common renal cell carcinoma
origin: intercalating cells of collecting duct multiple chromosome losses, extreme hypodiploid |
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renal cell carcinoma sites of metastasis
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lungs, bones, LN, liver...
most likely will see metastases before renal symptoms |
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wilms tumor (nephroblastoma)
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age 2-5 years
can be bilateral soft and easy to hemorrhage look for blastema (small, round, blue cell), epithelium from abortive tubules, spindle cells |
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kidney receives metastases from
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lung, breast, colon...
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urothelial (transitional cell) neoplasm
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usually in bladder due to longer contact with carcinogens
due to smoking, analgesic abuse "field effect" - multifocal neoplasms because carcinogens are contantly in contact with multiple parts of the epithelium papillary tumors are usually benign (low malignant potential) carcinoma in situ is highly anaplatic, flat tumor |
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papillary neoplasm morphology
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urothelium with a fibrovascular stromal core
papilloma - normal urothelium papillary carcinoma - anaplasia of the urothelium |
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invasive urothelial carcinoma
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urothelial carcinoma in situ finally invasion of the mucularis propria (detrusor muscle)
bad prognosis |
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metastatic urothelial carcinoma
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after muscle invasion will invade lymphaticics
--> pelvic LN --> liver, lungs, bone marrow |
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which has a better prognosis urothelial carcinoma in the bladder or in the renal pelvis/ureter
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bladder has best prognosis
easier to screen |
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squamous cell carcinoma of urothelial origin
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due to chronic urothelial irritation, chronic infection -> squamous metaplasia -> squamous cell cancer
chronic irritation from staghorn calculi often higher risk in places with schistosomiasis (will see liver problems as well) |
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adenocarcinoma of urothelial origin
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see with urachal remnants, intestinal (glandular) metaplasia -> adenocarcinoma
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mesenchymal tumors of bladder
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benign - leiomyoma is most common benign mesenchymal neoplasm in bladder and ureter
malignant: adults - leiomyoscaroma children - embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) - aka sarcoma botryoides |
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secondary tumors of bladder
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metastases is uncommon
usually direct extension from nearby organs - uterine cervix, prostate, rectum or lymphoma |
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most frequent cause of hematuria from a malignancy
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urothelial carcinoma
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