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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
developmental toxicology |
the study of pharmacokinetics, mechanisms, pathogenesis, and outcome following exposure to agents or conditions potentially leading to abnormal development |
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teratology |
the study of structural birth defects, a descriptive science |
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teratogen |
a drug or other substance capable of interfering with the development of fetus, causing birth defects |
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heart is most sensitive during _____ weeks |
3-5 |
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brain appears to be sensitive to teratogens from the beginning of ______ of pregnancy |
3 weeks to end |
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the most ____ soluble compounds will pass through placenta to the embryo |
lipid |
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thalidomide |
rare limb malformations; malformation happened 20-36 weeks after fertilization |
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diethylsilbestrol |
synthetic nonsterodial estrogen; threatened miscarriage by stimulating synthesis of estrogen and progesterone in the placenta; causes clear cell adenocarcinoma |
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ethanol |
causes Fetal Alcohol Syndrome which causes growth retardation; interferes with retinol metabolism (oxidation of retinol is crucial to development) |
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tabacco smoke |
25% women still smoke during pregnancy; causes death, learning behavioral and attention disorders, and lower birth weight;CO increases carboxyhemoglobin in baby |
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cocaine |
anesthetic with vasconstrictor properties; metabolized slowly in fetus; decrease birth weight, neuologica syndrome of abnormal sleep, tremor, poor feeding, irritability, and seizures |
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lysergic acid diethylsmide (LSD) |
defects in limbs, eyes, CNS, and arthrogryposis (fixation of joints); damage may last up to two years but is sometimes transient |
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retinods |
excess amount of Vitamin A; malformation of face, limbs, heart, nervous system, and skeleton |
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valproic acid |
controls seizures; increases toxicity including birth defects, cognitive impairment, and fetal death |
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angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor antagonist |
controller of blood pressure; causes oligohydramnios, fetal growth retardation, pulumonary hypoplasia, joint contractures, hypocalvaria, neonatal renal failure, hypotension, and death |
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fetal warfarin syndrome |
rare condition as a result of fetal exposure to maternal ingestion of warfarin during pregnancy; causes facial dysmorphism |
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tetracycline |
antibiotic fights infection caused by bacteria; used instead of penicillin; causes discoloration of the teeth and enamel |
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mercury |
organic form is more toxic than inorganic; softens visual cortex and other areas of brain |
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zika virus |
disease carried my mosquitoes; abnormally small head |