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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Basaltic
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A type of rock or lava that has a very low silica content and is very dark in color.
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Bedding
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The horizontal layering of sedimentary rock.
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Biochemical
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A category of sedimentary rock that forms from the remains of once living organisms.
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Bowen's Reaction Series
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States that as magma cools and crystallizes, minerals form in predictable patterns.
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Chemical
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A type of sedimentary rock that forms from supersaturate solutions. Ex. evaporites or precipitates
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Clastic
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The most common type of sedimentary rock. These are classified by the size of the particles that make them up.
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Conglomerate
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A type of sedimentary rock taht is a mixture of hard minerals with rounded corners
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Contact Metamorphism
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A type of metamorphism that occurs when molten material comes in contact with pre-existing rock.
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Cross-Bedding
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A type of bedding created by changing wind or water patterns. Inclined layers of sediment.
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Deposition
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The name given to the process where sediments are laid down on the ground or sink to the bottom of a body of water.
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Erosion
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The wearing away of Earth's surface by wind, water, glaciers, gravity, etc.
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Extrusive Rock
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Igneous rock that forms on Earth's surface. It cools very quickly and has small grain size.
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Foliated
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A type of metamorphic rock texture that has bands/stipes caused by minerals grains being perpendicular to the force of pressure.
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Fractional Crystallization
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When part of the magma will crystallize first. Example: Zoned Crystal
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Geothermal Gradient
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A chart or graph that shows how temperature increases with depth within the Earth's mantle.
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Graded Bedding
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A type of bedding where rock is deposited according to size. Large pieces on the bottom and small pieces on top.
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Granitic
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Rock or Lava or Magma that is high in silica content and usually light in color.
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Igneous
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Rocks that form as magma or lava cools and crystallizes.
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Intrusive Rock
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Igneous rock that forms below the Earth's surface causing it to cool slowly and develop large grains or crystals.
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Kimberlites
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Rare ultramafic rocks where diamonds are found. Only occur under high temp and pressure.
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Limestone
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A very common type of sedimentary rock that morphs in to marble.
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Lava
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What molten rock is called once it flows onto Earth's surface.
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Lithification
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When sediment is either compacted or cemented into sedimentary rock.
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Magma
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Molten rock material located below the Earth's surface.
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Metamorphic
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Rock that is transformed from pre-existing rock while still remaining solid.
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Non-Foliated
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A texture of metamorphic rock where the particles are blocky.
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Partial Melting
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This term refers to the fact that not all parts of a rock will melt at the same temperature.
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Pegmatite
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A deposit/vein of extremely large grained minerals.
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Porphyritic Texture
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An igneous texture that has both large and small crystals.
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Porphyroblasts
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When large crystals, like garnet, grow within smaller crystals.
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Quartz
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A very common mineral made of silicon and oxygen.
Forms at the end of Bowen's Reaction Series. |
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Regional Metamorphism
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When high temperature and pressure affect/change a large area of Earth's surface.
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Ripple Marks
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Evidence left by water along the shores of rivers, lakes, etc.
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Rock Cycle
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Continuous process of changing and remaking rocks.
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Sediment
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Small broken pieces that cover the surface of the Earth.
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Texture
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This refers to the size, shape and distribution of crystals or grains within a rock or mineral.
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Vein
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Deposites of valuable ores, minerals, or gems that occur within igneous rocks.
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Vesicular Texture
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A rock with a spongy texture.
Example: pumice |
