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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Where is the Italian peninsula located |
Center of the Mediterranean sea |
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Where is Rome in Italy? |
Centre, near west coast |
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What helped Rome's expansion? |
It's location so it spread outwards in all directions |
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What three factors increased unification in comparison to Greece |
fewer isolated valleys, Apennine Mountains less rugged, and more fertile plains |
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Roman ancestors were the |
Latins |
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Who did the Romans share the peninsula with? |
Greek colonists and Etruscans |
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What four things did Romans learn from the Etruscans? |
alphabet, arches in buildings, field drainage techniques, and religion |
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What year was the birth of the roman state |
509 BC |
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What does Republic mean |
thing of the people |
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Republican leaders where chosen by who? |
The people |
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What was the most powerful governing body called? |
the senate |
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who was in the senate? |
300 Patricians (landowning upper class) |
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What was the position the senators elected for |
Consuls |
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How many Consuls |
2 |
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What did the 2 consuls do? |
supervise government and command armes |
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How long could consuls do |
1 term |
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what would the senate do during wartime? |
empower a dictator and empower him up to 6 months |
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Who were the plebeians? |
farmers merchants artisans and traders with no political power |
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Who would pleabians elect to keep interests |
Tribunes (I VOLUNTEER AS TRIBUTE) |
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Tribunes could later do what? |
propose laws |
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Who had absolute power in the family |
male head of the household |
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As time passed what two places did women have access to and why was this important |
theatres, baths, where a lot of politics happened. |
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Who learned to read/write in roman society |
boys and girls from upper and lower classes |
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What was the basic Roman military unit called? |
Legion |
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How many people were in a legion |
5000 people |
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Who supplied legionnaires with supplies? |
themselves |
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People who were conquered had to do two things |
acknowledge Roman leadership by paying taxes and supplying soldiers, and also allowed to keep customs, money, local government. |
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What four main things did the romans take after from the greeks? |
art, literature, philosophy, and science |
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What was the blending of Greek, Roman, and Hellenistic traditions.achievements called |
Greco-Roman civilization |
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What two things helped with Greco-Roman expansion |
trade and travel |
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Who wrote the famous poem presented as Roman History |
Virgil |
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What was the poem's name |
Aeneid |
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Who was the hero in aeneid |
aeneas |
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What was the Aeneid modeled after? |
Homer's odyssey |
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a historian who hoped to rouse patriotism |
Livy |
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a historian who wrote of roman power and liberty |
Tacitus |
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What two art forms did romans use in public buildings and homes? |
Mosaics and frescos |
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A building with a dome out of concrete |
pantheon |
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What two engineering points did Romans exceed in |
travel (roads, bridges, harbour) and aqueducts (plumbing) |
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Who proposed in Alexandria, Egypt that the earth was the centre of the universe? |
Ptolemy |
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How long was Ptolemy's theory accepted |
1500 years |
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Who compiled a medical encyclopedia used for over 1000 years |
Galen |
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What was the Law of Nations |
Laws applying to everyone citizens and noncitizens |
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What weakened and crushed the Roman republic thus turning it into the Roman Empire |
expansion around the Mediterranean sea |
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Who was Carthage |
North Africans and Phoenician traders |
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What were wars between Carthage and Rome called |
Punic Wars |
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What is Punicus |
Latin word for Phoenicians |
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What happened in the first Punic war |
Rome defeated carthage and won sicily, Corsica and sarinia |
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What happened in the second Punic war |
Carthaginians sought revenge, Hannibal led army all the way to Italy costing half his armies. Carthaginians still failed after 15 years. Rome wanted revenge. |
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Who ended every speech with "Carthage must be destroyed"? |
Cato |
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What happened in the Third Punic War |
Rome destroyed Carthage, survivors killed or sold, romans poured salt on ground, master western mediterranean |
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What policy did Romans then commit to |
Imperialism |
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What did Romans call Mediterranean |
Mare Nostrum (Our sea) |
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what were huge estates bought by wealthy people |
latifundia |
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Who were two patricians who first attempted reform |
Graccus brothers |
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What did Tiberius do |
call upon state to distribute land to poor farmers |
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Gaius elected ten years after his brother's call |
used public funds to buy grain to feed the poor |
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Julius nine year conquest was completed in |
Gaul (France) |
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Who else dominated roman politics |
Pompey |
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Pompey feared Ceasar and got senate to do what |
order disbandment of his armies. |
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Which river did Ceasar cross? |
Rubicon river |
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Four things Ceasar did |
Launched many public works employing jobless, gave land to poor, granted roman citizenship to more people, julian calendar used for 1000 years |
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Who teamed up to find Ceasar's killers but eventually fought each other. |
Marc Antony and Octavian |