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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Risk factors for skin cancer
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• Contact carcinogens
• Sunlight • Tanning beds • Genodermatoses |
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Carcinoma that arises from epidermal keratinocytes
Usually seen in fair-skinned persons w/ excessive sun exposure More common in men Red, indurated papule, usually found on sun-exposed areas |
Squamous cell carcinoma
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Precursor lesions to squamous cell carcinoma
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• Bowen’s disease
• Cutaneous horn • Chronic ulcers • Scar tissue • Radiodermatitis |
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Treatment options for squamous cell carcinoma
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• Cryosurgery
• Surgical excision • Topical chemo (5-FU) • Systemic chemo if metastatic |
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Carcinoma that arises from immature pluripotential cells of the epidermis
Slow growing shiny pink papule w/ telangiectasias, mostly on sun-exposed areas Associated w/ basal cell nevus syndrome, Bazex’s syndrome, and the genodermatoses **over time, the lesions ulcerates and forms rolled borders** |
Basal cell carcinoma
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Skin cancer w/ highest mortality rate
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Melanoma
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Risk factors specific for melanoma
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• Dysplastic nevus syndrome (genetic predisposition in multiple family members)
• Actinic keratoses (scaly, rough patches in sun exposed areas, also associated w/ SCC) |
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4 histologic types of melanoma
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• Superficial spreading
• Nodular • Lentigo Maligna (Hutchinson’s freckle) • Acral Lentiginous |
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Most common histologic type of melanoma (70%)
Characteristic notching or indentation of the perimeter of preexisting nevus |
Superficial spreading
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Second most common histologic type of melanoma (15-30%)
Aggressive Blue-black color w/ faster growth rate Often raised or dome shaped |
Nodular
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Uncommon histologic type of melanoma that typically occurs on the face of older white women
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Lentigo Maligna
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Histologic type of melanoma that characteristically appears on palms and soles or on nail beds
More common in non-whites |
Acral Lentiginous
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Steps involved in making a melanoma
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• Genetic instability (usually resulting in aneuploidy)
• Deregulated proliferation • Invasive potential • Metastatic potential |
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Measured using ocular staging micrometer
Used in the establishment of prognosis for melanoma |
Breslow thickness
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**Lymph node involvement in melanoma is more likely with ___**
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• Male gender
• Age > 50 • Greater thickness of primary melanoma (> 4mm, >50% risk) • Ulceration |
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Treatment used for patients w/ thick melanomas, in-transit metastases, and regional lymph node metastases
Involves the recruitment of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in the destruction of the tumor Considerable risk for side effects |
Alpha interferon
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Primary cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma
Highly malignant Rapidly growing, bluish red color |
Merkel Cell Carcinoma
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3 types of Histiocytosis X (Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis)
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• Letterer-Siwe Disease
• Hand-Schuller-Christian Disease • Eosinophilic Granuloma |
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Histiocytosis X that occurs in children under 2
Typical signs and symptoms of leukemia Acute, fulminant, rapidly progressive, and fatal |
Letterer-Siwe disease
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Histiocytois X that occurs in children 2-6 years of age
Characteristic triad is exopthalmos, diabetes insipidus, and bony involvement of the skull Tends to be chronic |
Hand-Schuller-Christian disease
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Single or multiple small nodules on face and neck resembling common warts
Local resection is curative |
Trichilemmoma
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Tumor of hair follicle that appears as discrete skin colored papules on nasolabial folds, eyelids, and central face
May be confused w/ BCC |
Trichoepithelioma
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Tumor arising from the hair matrix
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Pilomatricoma
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Small, often closely set, yellowish papules on the vermillion border of lips or oral mucosa
They are actually ectopic sebaceous glands |
Fordyce’s spots (Fox-Fordyce Anomaly)
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Carcinoma that occurs most commonly in the conjunctiva of the upper eyelids in women in 6th to 8th decade
Higher incidence in Asians May be confused w/ SCC or BCC |
Sebaceous carcinoma
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Benign tumor that arises from the outer cells of the intraepidermal duct
Most common on sole or palm Often skin colored |
Poroma
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Benign tumor arising from the intradermal coiled duct of eccrine gland
Presents as multiple firm, smooth, dome shaped, movable, pink to red papules More common in females |
Cylindroma (“turban tumor”)
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Solitary tumor of face, head, hand or foot
Widespread metastases common Need to differentiate primary from metastatic (ie. Kidney) |
Clear cell carcinoma
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Low grade lymphoma of T cells that originates in the skin
May shed lymphoma cells into the blood (Sezary’s syndrome) Strong association w/ CMV IgG |
**Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma (Mycosis Fungoides)**
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Benign tumor tumor that mimics the modified smooth muscle cells of the glomus body
Presents as small blue-red nodule in subcutaneous tissue or in subungual region of finger Intense pain, but managed by simple excision |
Glomus tumor
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Cutaneous lymphangiosarcoma arising in chronically lymphedematous extremities
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Stewart-Treves Syndrome
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Malignant vascular lesion occurring in skin of lower extremities
Common in elderly men of Mediterranean or Jewish descent |
Kaposi’s sarcoma (classic type)
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Most common of all benign neoplasms
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Lipoma
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Malignant tumor arising from fat
Treated w/ aggressive surgery |
Liposarcoma
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