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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
molecule |
a tiny group of two or more atoms that are bonded tightly together |
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element |
a substance that is composed of only one type of atom |
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compound |
a substance that is composed of more than one type of atom bonded together |
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matter |
anything that takes up space and has mass |
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density |
the amount of matter in one unit of volume |
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atom |
a tiny particle from which all substances are composed; the smallest particle of an element |
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atomic number |
the number of protons in an atom |
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electron |
one of the tiny particles that circle around the nucleus of an atom |
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gram |
a metric unit used to measure an object's mass |
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mass |
the amount of matter that makes up an object |
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neutral |
anything lacking an electrical charge |
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proton |
a positively charged particle that helps make up the nucleus of an atom |
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shell |
a group of electrons in an atom that orbit at roughly the same distance from the nucleus |
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weight |
the measure of the pull of gravity on an object |
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Robert Goddard |
the American scientist who built and launched the first liquid-fueled rocket; the "Father of Modern Rocketry" |
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John Glenn |
the first American to orbit the earth |
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Uri Gagarin |
the first person to travel in space |
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Isaac Newton |
the scientist who discovered the law of gravitation, the 3 laws of motion, and that sunlight is a combination of many colors; he developed the reflecting telescope |
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Neil Armstrong |
the first person to set foot on the moon |
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nebulae |
large clouds of gas and dust in space |
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core |
the innermost region of the earth |
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crust |
the outermost layer of the earth |
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mantle |
the middle layer of the earth |
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Betelgeuse |
a bright supergiant star in the constellation; Orion represents Orion's right shoulder |
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Sirius |
the brightest star in the night sky; located in the constellation Canis Major |
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earthquake |
any trembling or shaking of the earth's crust |
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metamorphic rock |
a rock produced by metamorphism of an igneous or sedimentary rock |
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sedimentary rock |
a rock that is formed from sediments that have been pressed together into solid rock |
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classification |
the process of arranging animals or other things into groups according to their similarities |
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regeneration |
the replacement of lost body parts |
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arthropod |
an invertebrate that has an external skeleton, jointed appendages, and a segmented body |
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arachnid |
an arthropod with 2 distinct body regions, 8 legs, simple eyes, no wings, and a book lung |
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crustaceans |
a class of arthropods with hard, crusty shells |
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composite volcano |
volcano that is formed when alternating layers of fluid lava and tephra build up a steep, symmetrical mountain |
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shield volcano |
volcano that forms when large amounts of fluid, runny lava gradually build up a dome-shaped mountain |
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cinder cone volcano |
volcano that is formed when eruptions composed mostly of tephra build up a cone-shaped mountain |
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lava |
the name for molten rock after it reaches the earth's surface |
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magma |
melted rock |
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supernova |
the violent explosion of a star |
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nova |
an occurrence when a star suddenly flares up to many times its original brightness |
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galaxy |
a star system containing from millions to billions of stars |
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photosphere |
the sun's visible surface; "sphere of light" |
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chromosphere |
the part of the sun's atmosphere closest to the sun's surface; "sphere of color" |
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Regulus |
the brightest star in the constellation Leo that marks one of the lion's front paws |
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Polaris |
a star in the constellation Ursa Minor that is the North Star |
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Orion |
a the brightest of all constellations, located in the Northern Hemisphere, resembles a hunter holding a shield and a club with a sword at his side |
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geostationary orbit |
an orbit in which a satellite follows the direction of the earth's rotation in such a way that is stays in the same location in the sky |
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oscillation |
a back and forth motion that repeatedly follows the same path |
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polar orbit |
an orbit in which a satellite travels perpendicular to the equator passing over the polar regions as it circles the earth |
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pulsar |
a star that produces rapid bursts of radio waves |
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refraction |
the bending of any wave's direction at the boundary between two wave media |
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reflection |
the turning back or turning aside of any wave when it hits an obstacle |
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wavelength |
the length of one complete wave or cycle of oscillation, measured from crest to crest or trough to trough |
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geologist |
a scientist who studies the earth |