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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
the hottest layer
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inner core
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the coolest layer
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crust
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the largest layer
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mantle
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the smallest layer
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crust
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is made of iron and nickel
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outer core
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is made of granite and basalt
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crust
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is the most widely studied
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crust
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is made of the lightest material
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crust
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is the densest layer
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inner core
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is under the most pressure
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inner core
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Who was Alfred Wegner?
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proposed continental drift hypothesis
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Who was James Hutton?
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proposed theory of uniformitarianism
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Who was Charles Lyell?
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challenged idea of catastrophism in book Principles of Geology
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What is uniformitarianism?
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states that the same geologic processes that are shaping the earth today have been at work throughout earth's history
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Where are the plates of the earth?
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crust
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Where is the lithosphere?
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crust and upper mantle
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Where is the asthenosphere?
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part of the mantle below the lithosphere
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What does the asthenosphere do?
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flows and moves the plates
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What are convection currents?
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move the crust while flowing in the mantle
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Why was Alfred Wegner's theory not believed?
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he could not identify a force to explain continental drift
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What is a fault?
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a break in the earth's crust along which blocks of the crust slide relative to one another
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Who is an intrusion?
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molten rock squeezes into existing rock and cools
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What is folding?
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bind and buckle
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What is tilting?
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slant rock layers without folding them
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What are the four disturbed rock layers?
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1. fault
2. intrusion 3. folding 4. tilting |
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What is an uncomformity?
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missing part of the geologic column
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What is the main cause of uncomformities?
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erosion
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List five pieces of evidence that support the existence of Pangaea.
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1. continents fit together like a jigsaw puzzle
2. similar fossils were found in eastern south america and western africa 3. mountains ranges match up when continents are rejoined 4. south africa and south america both show evidence of glaciers 5. Identical species are found on different continents. |
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How do convergent boundaries move?
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at each other and crash
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How do divergent boundaries move?
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away from each other
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How do transform boundaries move?
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slide past each other
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What landforms are created from convergent boundaries?
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trenches
volcanoes mountains |
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What landforms are created from divergent boundaries?
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rifts
valleys |
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What landforms are created from transform boundaries?
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streams
beds rocks |
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How can convergent boundaries be harmful?
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earthquakes / volcanoes
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How can divergent boundaries be harmful?
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earthquakes / volcanoes
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How can transform boundaries be dangerous?
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earthquakes / fires
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What is seafloor spreading?
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magma seeps up from below the surface at the ridges
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