Science Y8 P1 How Is An Athlete Body Diferent To Mine .

Movement

Respiration

Sense

Growth

Reproduction

Excretion

Nutrition

Protein

Fiber

Fats

Minerals

Vitamins

Carbohydrate

Water

To provide energy

For growth and repair

To provide energy. Also to store energy in the body to insulate it against cold.

Needed in small amounts to maintain health.

Needed in small amounts to maintain health

To provide roughage to help keep the food moving through the gut

Needed for cells and body fluids

Mouth

oesophagus

stomach

Small intestine

Large intestine

Anus

Rectum

Pancreas

Liver

There are 2 processes:

1. Chemical: saliva contains amylase enzymes that break down carbohydrate.

2. Mechanical: muscles (teeth) bite food into smaller pieces.

Conector the mouth to the stomach

Kills bacteria with the acid in the stomach.

Releases enzymes.

The nutrients enters in this part in the body for example it goes to the blood.

The water enters the body in this part

Their goes your waste out ( mostly fiber)

Stores fiber to be released

This releases enzymes into the small intestine

Produces bile

Chemical digestion breaking down food by chemical reactions.

Enzymes are just special proteins.

They can break large molecules into small molecules.

Different types of enzymes break down different nutrients.

When you eat too much or too little of a nutrient

Transport oxygen.

Contain protein.

Remove CO² from blood.

Fight infection

When there is a wound platelets stop blood going out and bacteria coming in .

Blood in arteries travels away from the heart and the towards the organ. It travel at high speed. It Is usual oxygenated. Has thick muscular Walls.

Take blood to the heart and away from the organs. It haItlow pressure . It has valves to prevent blood going backwards. The veins carry deoxygenated blood.

The capillarys are microscopic vessels that connects arterioles to venules. The Walls are one cel thick, that allows substances between blood and body cells pass.

When the lung has oxygen it go through the capillary, the air ( with blood ) go to the muscle cells through the circulatory system

When we breathe the diaphragm contracts and flattens. The intercostal muscles contracts and ribs move upwards and downwards . The volume of the ribcage increase and lung inflate.

When we breathe out the diaphragm relax and bends upwards. The intercostal muscles relax and ribs move inwards and down. The volume decrease and the lung deflate.

Opening where air enters the body.

Tube is surrounded by cartilage that takes air to the lungs

Spongy organs where gases go into.

The trachea splits into these

Each bronchus will separate into these

Tiny sacs of air that exchange gases

Made of bone to protect the lungs

Flat muscle that moves to push air out of the lungs.

Breathing in is called inhalation, breathing out is called exhalation . Breathing is about 2 set muscles, the intercostal muscles Found between the Ribs and the diaphragm which separates the chest from the body bellow

Reactants

Glucose ( sugar) + oxygen =

Products

=Carbon dioxide+ water

C6 H¹² O6 + O² -> CO² + H²O

Breathing is ventilation .

The purpose of respiration is to release energy .

The blood caries the glucose and oxygen around the body to your cells, the waste products water and CO² are taken to the kidneys and lungs to be removed from the body .

Aerobic respiration is respiration that required or needs oxygen.

Glucose = lactic acid energy

Anaerobic respiration is respiration without oxygen. In anaerobic respiration the product is lactic acid . A little energy is released because not all energy is released from each glucose molecule., Lactic acid is poisenes . Anaerobic respiration take place where there is not enough oxygen available but energy is required. This happenes when atlhete run very fast but the body cannot supply enough energy. To get rid of lactic acid the person will need a good supply of oxygen .

- contains cancer causing chemicals.

-stops cilia working

-increase change of infection

Addictive drugs

Binds to the red blood cells so they can no longer transport oxygen this causes being tired. Also the pressure of your arteries will increase because your body neats more oxygen.

We added iodine to the food. If the food turned black, starch (carbohydrate) was present. Rice, bread, banana and potato all contained starch.

We added sodium hydroxide and biuret and that gives us the reaction to the food. If the solution turned purple, protein is present. For some reasons, the ham and the egg didn't go purple.

1. Add food (chicken skin) into boiling tube.

2. We add then ethanol and water , then mix it.

4. If the solution turned cloudy, fat is present.

1.add Benedict's solution to the food

2. If the solution turned brick red, glucose is present

3. With a sausage the solution would turn blue.

Caused by Lack of protein.

Caused by Lack of vitamine A.

The cartilage is around the trachea. It keep the trachea open and stop it collapsing.