Shoal Of Time | A History Of The Hawaiian Islands

8 major islands (east to west)

- Hawai'i (Big Island)

- Maui

- Kaho'olawe

- Lani

- Moloka'i

- O'ahu

- Kauai

- Ni'ihau

Kamehameha Dynasty

- Kamehameha I (1795-1819)

- Kamehameha II (1819-1824)

- Kamehameha III (1825-1854)

- Kamehameha IV (1855-1863)

- Kamehameha V (1863-1872)

- Lunalilo (1873-1874)

Kalakaua Dynasty

- Kalakaua (1874-1891)

- Lili'uokalani (1891-1893)

British discoverer of the Hawaiian Islands, on his 3rd voyage to the Pacific (12 July 1776 – 4 October 1780)

Two waves, first from Marquesas & Society Islands (c. 8th cent.), the second from Tahiti (c. 12-13th cent.)

HMS Resolution & HMS Discovery

Captain of the HMS Discovery; When Cook was killed during his 3rd expedition to the Pacific, Clerke took command but died later in the voyage from tuberculosis.

New Zealand (southwest), Easter Island (southeast), Hawai'i (north)

First recorded western sighting of the Hawaiian Islands

Name given to the Hawaiian Archipelago by Captain Cook in honor of his patron at the Admiralty, John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich

Bay on the Big Island where Cook harbored after returning to the Islands; where he died

Under command of Captain Clerke, HMS Resolution & Discovery leave Hawai'i

One of the principal gods of Hawai'i, associated with fertility, agriculture, rainfall, music and peace; Cook may have been misidentified as Lono

Hawaiian god of war, his cult involved human sacrifice; Kamehameha was entrusted as the custodian of Ku by his uncle Kalni'opu'u

From October to February, where a kapu was put on fighting & unnecessary work, in honor of the god Lono

King of Hawai'i during Captain Cook's visit; his death led to a civil war resulting in the ascendancy of Kamehameha

The son and political heir of Kalni'opu'u, rival of Kamehameha

Death of Kalani'opu'u

Kīwalaʻō's uncle and political rival

Brother of Kīwalaʻō

Battle of Mokuʻōhai

(July, 1782) rival forces met after the death of Kalani'opu'u to settle land disputes, resulting in the death of his son Kiwalao & established Kamehameha as a major rival on Hawai'i

Moi of Maui who, by 1786, ruled Oahu, Maui, Lanai, & Molokai

Western ships begin trading for supplies in Hawai'i in between North America's fur-rich west coast and the Chinese port city of Canton

Father & son American merchants, captain of Eleanora & The Fair American (resp.); Simon's rage in 1790 led to an ambush of the Fair American, resulting in his son's death

(January, 1790) After a boat was stolen and one of his men was killed on Maui, Simon Metcalfe invited villagers to row out to the Eleanora under the pretense of trade. He opened fire, killing over a hundred natives

Englishman and lone survivor of the Fair American; advisor to Kamehameha, trained his men how to use western weapons effectively

Englishman & boatswain of Metcalfe's Eleanora, he was sent ashore to investigate the disappearance of the Fair American. He was captured & when he didn't return Metcalfe sailed without him. Along with Davis, Young served as an advisor to Kamehameha

1. The Metcalfe affair leads to Davis & Young in Kamehameha's service (Jan)

2. Kamehameha begins excursions on Maui (indecisive)

3. Keoua defeats his uncle Keawemauhili and raids Kamehameha's territories, recalling him from Maui

4. While retreating, Keoua's men are caught in an eruption of Kilauea

(1790) On Maui's 'Iao Valley, between the forces of Kamehameha & Kalanikupule; indecisive, but one of the deadliest battles in Hawaiian history (Battle of the Dammed Waters)

A state temple built for Ku, Kamehameha's war god, in preparation for his conquest of the Island. Keoua was it's christening sacrifice

(1792) Keoua, lured to his fate by invitation of Kamehameha to his newly built heiau, is defeated and Kamehameha claims full control of Hawai'i

"The Battle of the Red Mouthed Gun," fought between Kamehameha and Kahekili's naval forces. First naval battle in Hawaiian history using western weapons

English merchant captain who discovered Pearl Harbor, 1792-93, which he named "Fair Haven"; allied with Kalanikupule against his uncle, he was betrayed by the former and murdered

Sailed with Captain Cook, returned to Hawai'i under commanded of HMS Discovery in 1794, convinced Kamehameha to put his domains under the protection of the British crown; introduced cattle & sheep to the Islands

Kahekili, moi of Maui, dies dividing his domains between his son Kalanikupule (Oahu) and his half brother Kaeokulani (Kauai, Maui, Lanai, Molokai)

Son of Kahekili and his successor on Oahu, wrested control of Maui & its dependencies from his uncle in December 1794 with the help of western ships; defeated by Kamehameha at Nu'uanu

Moi of Kauai & half-brother of Kahekili, he died struggling for supremacy on Oahu against his nephew (Dec. 1794)

With the help of western guns, Kalanikupule captures Maui and its dependencies away from his uncle Kaeokulani, who died in battle

An ally turned rival of Kamehameha, committed adultery with his wife Kaahumanu, and joined with the forces of Kalanikupule. He died at Nu'uanu

(May, 1795) Kamehameha's forces met Kalanikupule's, the latter being defeated, ushering in the era of unification under King Kamehameha

1. A storm in the Kauai channel foils Kamehameha's attempt to capture Kauai

2. Namakeha's Rebellion

Brother of Kaiana, rebelled against King Kamehameha after his brother's death. He was defeated in September, 1796

Kamehameha's naval force of 800 twin-hulled canoes, capable of transporting several thousand soldiers, prepared for the invasion of Kauai, took 5 years to complete. An 1804 epidemic foiled his plans, and the fleet was never used

Probably of cholera or typhoid fever, decimated Kamehameha's army and foiled his plans to invade Kauai

American trader, brokered a peace treaty between Kaumualii & Kamehameha (1810)

Peace treaty between Kaumualii & Kamehameha brought Kauai under Kamehameha's dominion, with Kaumualii ruling as a tributary king, unifying all the Hawaiian Islands

"Law of the Splintered Paddle" is a precept in Hawaiian law, originating with King Kamehameha I in 1797. The law, "Let every elderly person, woman and child lie by the roadside in safety," is enshrined in the state constitution

An influential and prosperous American who made his home on Oahu, serving for a time as the Island's governor

Spaniard, influential in the early Kingdom of Hawaii, a confidant of Hawaiian King Kamehameha; a jack-of-all-trades, credited with introducing many agricultural products.

Harbor city that attracted foreign settlement

Known to the natives as iliahi, it was used to make wooden fixtures, and pounded into a perfume for kapa, an early Hawaiian export

Death of Kamehameha

Kamehameha's favorite wife, declared Kuhina Nui (executive officer) after her husband's death, oversaw the overthrow of kapu and the introduction of Christianity

Kamehameha's nephew and successor as custodian of the war god; defeated in his rebellion to reject the overthrow of kapu (Dec, 1819)

"Free Eating," described the overthrow of kapu, begun when Liholiho chose to take food with Kaahumanu & Keopuolani; women were allowed to eat forbidden food and to eat with men; the priests were no longer to offer human sacrifices; the many prohibitions surrounding the high chiefs were relaxed.

Kamehameha's wife of highest rank, mother of Liholiho, 'Ai Noa co-conspirator

Also known as, "Billy Pit," Kamehameha's Prime Minister