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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the cutaneous innervation of the shoulder and arm.
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- Medial and lateral pectoral nerves innervate the pectoralis major
- nerve to subclavius innervates the subclavius - medial pectoral nerve innervates the pectoralis minor - upper and lower subscappular nerves innervate the subcapularis - lower subscapular nerve innervates the teres major - thoracodorsal nerve innervates the latissimus dorsi - radial nerve innervates the long head of triceps brachii |
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List/identify the major anatomical features of the humerus.
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In arrangement clockwise from proximal end:
Greater tubercle attachment for lateral head of triceps brachii radial groove deltoid tuberosity medial supercondylar ridge medial epicondyle trochlea coronoid fossa capitulum lateral epicondyle radial fossa lateral supra-epicondylar ridge attachment for coracobrachialis head lateral supercondylar ridge |
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Identify, name, and correctly orient the bones forming the shoulder girdle and the shoulder joint.
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humerus, scapula, clavicle
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List the major ligaments that contribute to the stability of the shoulder (glenohumeral) joint.
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Transverse humeral ligament
Coracohumeral ligament Superior glenohumeral ligament Middle glenohumeral ligament Inferior glenohumeral ligament |
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Describe the location of the subacromial and subscapular bursae at the shoulder joint.
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The subscapular bursa lies between the subscapularis muscle and the fibrous membrane. The synovial membrane also folds around the tendon of the long head of the biceps bracii muscle in the joint and extends along the tendon as it passes into the intertubercular sulcus.
The subacromial bursa is located between the acromion (or deltoid muscle) and the supraspinatus muscle (or joint capsule) |
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List the attachments, innervations, and actions of the muscles that act on the shoulder joint.
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Supraspinatus
--------------------- Attachments - tendon passes under te acromion, passes over the GH joint, and inserts on the superior facet of the greater tubercle Innervations - suprascapular nerve Actions - initiation of abduction of arm to 15 degrees at GH joint Infraspinatus ------------------ Attachments - tendon passes posteriorly to GH joint and inserts on the middle facet of greater tubercle Innervations - suprascapular nerve Actions - lateral rotation of arm at GH joint Teres minor ------------------ Attachments - originates from flattened area of scapula and tendon inserts on the inferior facet of greater tubercle Innervations - axillary nerve Actions - lateral rotation of arm at GH joint Teres major ----------------- Attachment - posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula to common tendon on the olecranon process of ulna Innervations - inferior subscapular nerve Actions - medial rotation and extension of arm at GH joint |
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Describe shoulder dislocation injurues, particularly antero-inferior dislocations, and explain the nerve injuries that might accompany shoulder dislocations.
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Anterior dislocation occurs most frequently and is usually associated with an isolated traumatic incident. Once the joint capsule and cartilage are disrupted, the joint is susceptible to recurrent dislocations. The axillary nerve may be injured by direct compression of the humeral head on the nerve as it passes through the quadrangular space. The lengthening effect of the humerus may stretch the radial nerve, which is tightly bound within the radial groove, and produce radial nerve paralysis.
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Describe the ligamentous injuries in acromioclavicular (shoulder) separation.
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The acromioclavicular ligament is often completely torn and the coracoclavicular ligaments are sprained or partially torn.
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Describe the signs of acromioclavicular separation.
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The separated shoulder has a bump or a "piano key" type distinction
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Describe the signs of calcific supraspinatus tendonitis.
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Calcific deposit in supraspinatus causes a lot of pain. Can lead to adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder). Capsule of joint may become fibrosed.
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Describe compartments of arm and contents of each.
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Flexor (anterior) compartment
- Coracobrachialis - flexion/adduction - Biceps brachii - flexion - musculocutaneous nerve - median nerve - brachial artery - ulnar nerve - brachialis Extensor (posterior) compartment - Triceps brachii - extension - axillary nerve - axillary artery - brachial artery - posterior humeral circumflex artery - radial and middle collateral artery - radial recurrent artery - radial artery - ulnar artery - deep brachial artery and radial nerve |
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List the attachments, innervations, blood supply, and actions of the muscles that act on the elbow joint.
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Coracobrachialis
------------------------ attachments - apex of coracoid process to midshaft of humerus on medial side Innervations - musculocutaneous nerve Actions - flexor of arm at GH joint Biceps brachii --------------------- Attachments - long head -> supraglenoid tubercle of scapula; short head -> apex of coracoid process; inserted ar radial tuberosity Innervations - musculocutaneous nerve Actions - powerful flexor at elbow joint; supinator of forearm; accesory flexor at GH joint |
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List the attachments, innervations, blood supply, and actions of the muscles that act on the elbow joint.
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Brachialis
--------------- Attachments - Anterior surface of humerus to the coracoid process and the tuberosity of the ulna Innervations - musculocutaneous n. Blood supply - radial recurrent artery Actions - flexes elbow joint Biceps brachii --------------------- Attachments - short head attached to coracoid process and long head attached to supraglenoid tubercle. Inserts at radial tuberosity and bicipittal aponeurosis Innervations - musculocutaneous n. Blood supply - brachial artery Actions - flexion of arm at elbow joint; supinator of forearm Triceps brachii --------------------- Attachments - infraglenoid tubercle of scapula and posterior humerus inserts at the olecranon process of the ulna Innervations - radial nerve Blood supply - deep brachial artery Actions - extends forearm, abducts shoulder |
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Describe the course of the brachial artery and its branches.
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The profundi brachial artery is the largest branch and passes into and supplies the posterior compartment of the arm. It enters and then passes through the triangular interval . Its branches supply adjacent muscles and anasthamose with the posterior circumflex humeral artery.
Deep brachial artery - |
