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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which part of the body develops more rapidly for Infants? |
The Head |
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What is the typical height of a baby by the end of their first year, and the second year? |
32 inches by first year, which is 50% greater than that at birth. By 2 years 75% |
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How much does birth weight increase for a baby by 5 months and 1 year compared to birth? |
5 months = Doubled 1 year = Trippled |
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Pound for pound, an infant's energy needs are ________ of an Adult? |
Twice that |
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World Health Organization recommends breastfeeding until ________ with solids at ______? |
until 2 years with solids at 6 months. |
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Hearing Babies prefer ________ and therefor "screen out" sounds by 6-8 months not heard in ______? (Same term for both) |
Native toungue |
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Hearing Babies are sensitive to what kind of ranges? |
High and Low ranges |
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Hearing By what time can babies determine where sound is coming from? |
By One Year |
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How many Neurons are babies born with? |
100-200 Billion |
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Brain development Where do Neurons come together? |
Not tightly packed......gaps, or "synapses" |
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Brain Development When do the synapses increase at a rapid rate for a baby? |
The first 2 years |
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Bran development Neurons stimulated by _________ continue to establish synapses |
Environment |
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Brain development What is the term for when neurons that are seldom lose their synapses? |
Synaptic Pruning |
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Brain Development brain growth is explained by __________, a fatty sheath that insulates neural fibers? |
Myelination |
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brain development At birth, brain is __% of adult weigh. At 2, its is __% of adult weight. |
birth = 30% 2 = 70% |
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What is the "Cephalocaudal" growth trend? |
"Head to Tail" The head develops more rapidly than the lower part of the body. |
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What is habituation? |
Gradual reduction in the strength of a response due to repetitive stimulation "when we learn to tune out non-essential stimuli and focus on the things that really demand attention." |
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Cognitive Development at 18 months children have Make believe play. What is Make believe play? |
Children can act out everyday and imaginary activities with concrete objects. |
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Earliest Communication Progression What is "Non-linguistic" communication for babies? |
Crying, sounds, facial expressions, and gestures |
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Earliest Communication Progression
at 2 months children start "Cooing" What is Cooing? |
Vowel Like noises |
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Earliest Communication Progression
Infants often use two-word utterances. what does the term "Telegraphic speech" mean? |
use of short and precise words without grammatical Markers "I have to go" ---- "I hago" "when people sent telegrams it cost per word so they often put the words together" |
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Earliest Communication Progression
What are the most common words that infants first use? |
These are mostly nouns and action words. they represent objects/people that can act or produce a change. |
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Language Development What is Recasting? |
restructuring inaccurate speech into correct form |
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Language Development
What is Expanding? |
elaborating on a child's speech increasing its complexity |
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Language Development
what is Labeling? |
Identifying names of objects |
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What is "Object Permanence"? |
Understanding that objects and events continue to exist even when they cannot directly be seen,or touched |
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What is Language Over-extension? |
when infants apply words to broadly, like saying "dad" to multiple men |
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What are the 4 emotions that receive the most attention? |
Happiness Anger Sadness Fear |
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What is Social Referencing? |
When Babies actively seek emotional information from a trusted person in an uncertain situation. When a child is playing and falls down, the child will look at the caregivers reaction to see how severe the situation is. |
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what is Self awareness? |
A child's ability to identify themselves as a person or in a context.
around 1 – 3 years. The child begins to know her own name and refer to herself by name. The child will begin to look in the mirror and realize she is looking at herself. She will also make clearer her own likes and dislikes, needs and wishes. |
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what is a social smile? |
Sometimes a smile in the early weeks of life is simply a sign that your little bundle is passing gas. But starting between 6 and 8 weeks of life, babies develop a "social smile" -- an intentional gesture of warmth meant just for you.
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What is temperament? |
early appearing, stable individual differences in re-activity and self regulation |
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Emergence of self emotions what are 5 higher ordered basic emotions that emerge around 18 to 24 months |
guilt, shame, embarrassment, envy, and pride |