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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
achieved status |
a position that is earned, accomplished, or involves at least some effort or activity on the individual's part |
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agricultural society |
ushered in by the invention of the plow, this society accumulated bast food surpluses and allowed people to develop cities and what is popularly known as "culture" |
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ascribed status |
a position an individual either inherits at birth or receives involuntary later in life |
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back stage |
places where people rest from their "performances," discuss their presentations, and plan future performances |
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biotech society |
where the economy centers on applying and altering genetic structures (both plant and animal) to produce food, medicine, and materials |
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body language |
the ways in which people use their bodies to give messages to others |
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division of labor |
the splitting of a group's or society's tasks into specialties |
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dramaturgy |
an approach, pioneered by Erving Goffman, in which social life is analyzed in terms of drama or the stage; also called "dramaturgical analysis" |
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front stage |
places where we give "performances" |
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group |
people who have something in common and who believe that what they have in common is significant |
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horticultural society |
a society based on the cultivation of plants by the use of hand tools |
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hunting and gathering societies |
societies that depend on hunting animals and gathering plants for survival |
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impression management |
people's efforts to control the impressions that others receive of them |
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industrial revolution |
the third social revolution ushered in by the use of the steam engine to power machinery |
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industrial society |
an efficient society with greater surplus and inequality |
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macrosociology |
analysis of social life that focuses on broad features of society, such as social class and the relationships of groups to one another; usually used by functionalists and conflict theorists |
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master status |
a status that cuts across the other statuses that an individual occupies |
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mechanical solidarity |
Durkheim's term for the unity (a shared consciousness) that people feel as a result of performing the same or similar tasks |
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microsociology |
analysis of social life focusing on social interaction; typically used by symbolic interactionists |
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organic solidarity |
Durkheim's term for the interdependence that results from the division of labor; people depending on others to fulfill their jobs |
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pastoral society |
a society based on the pasturing of animals |
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postindustrial (information) society |
a new type of society based on information, services, and the latest technology rather than on raw materials and manufacturing |
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roles |
the behaviors, obligations, and privileges attached to a status |
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role conflict |
conflict that someone feels between roles because the expectations attached to one role are incompatible with the expectations of another role |
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role performance |
the ways in which someone performs a role within the limits that the role provides; showing a particular "style" or "personality" |
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role strain |
conflicts that someone feels within a role |
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social class |
large numbers of people who have similar amounts of income and education and who work at jobs that are roughly comparable in prestige |
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social construction of reality |
the use of background assumptions and life experiences to define what is "real" |
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social institutions |
the organized, usual, or standard ways by which society meets its basic needs |
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social integration |
the degree to which members of a group or society feel united by shared values and other social bonds |
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social interaction |
what people do when they are in one another's presence |
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social structure |
the framework (or typical patterns) that surrounds us, consisting of the relationships of people and groups to one another that give direction to and set limits on behavior |
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socialization |
the degree to which one follows the guidelines for what is "appropriate" for one's role |
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society |
people who share a culture and territory |
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status |
the position that someone occupies |
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status inconsistency |
ranking high on some dimensions of social class and low on others; also called "status discrepancy" |
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status symbols |
signs that identify a status |
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stereotype |
assumptions of what people are like, whether true or false |
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teamwork |
two or more people working together to help a performance come off as planned |
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Thomas theorem |
William I. and Dorothy S. Thomas' classic formulation of the definition of the situation: "If people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences" |
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Emile Durkheim |
identified mechanical and organic solidarity as the keys to social cohesion as societies get larger, they divide up work and this division of labor makes people depend on one another |
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Erving Goffman |
Goffman developed dramaturgy, the perspective within symbolic interactionism that views social life as a drama on the stage |
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W. I. Thomas and Dorothy S. Thomas |
said that "If people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences" |