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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. Confidentiality privilege
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Right between defendant an his/her attorney where certain information cannot be disclosed to prosecutors or others because of the attorney-client relation; for juveniles, records have been maintained under secure circumstances with limited access, and accessed only by those in authority with a clear law enforcement purpose.
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2.Statute of limitations
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Maximum time period within which a prosecution can be brought against a defendant for a particular offense; many criminal statues have three-or six-year statue of limitations periods; there is no statue of limitations on homicide charges
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3. Placement
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Once of several optional dispositions available to juvenile court judges following formal or informal proceedings against juveniles where either delinquent or status offenses have been alleged; adjudication proceedings yield a court decisions about whether facts allege in petition are true; if so, a disposition is imposed which may be placement in a foster or group home, wilderness experience, camp, ranch, or secure institution.
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4. Placed
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Judicial disposition whee juvenile is disposed to a group or foster home, or other type of out-of-home care; may also include secure confinement in an industrial school or comparably facility.
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5. Contempt of Court
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A citation by a judge against anyone in court who disrupts the proceedings or does anything to interfere with judicial decrees or pronouncements.
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6. Concurrent Jurisdiction
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Power to file charges against juveniles in either criminal courts or juvenile courts
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7. Certification
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Similar to waivers or transfers; in some jurisdictions, juveniles are certified or designated as adults for the purpose of pursuing a criminal prosecution against them.
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8. Transfer (waiver) Hearings
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Proceeding to determine whether juveniles should be certified as adults for purposes of being subjected to jurisdiction of adult criminal courts where more severe penalties may be imposed
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9. Waiver Motion
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Formal request by prosecutor to send juvenile's case from juvenile court to criminal court.
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10. Life without parole
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Penalty imposed as maximum punishment in states that do not have death penalty; provides for permanent incarceration of offenders in prisons, without parole eligibility; early resale may be attained through accumulation of good time credits.
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11. Mitigation Circumstances
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Factors that lessen the severity of the crime and /or sentence; such factors include old age, cooperation with police in apprehending other offenders, and lack of intent to inflict injury.
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12. Aggravating Circumstances
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Factors that may enhance the severity of one's sentence; these include brutality of act, whether serious bodily injury or death occurred to a victim during crime commission and whether offender was on probation or parole when crime was committed.
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13. Dangerousness
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Defined differently in several jurisdictions; prior record of violent offenses; potential to commit future violent crimes if released; propensity to inflict injury; predicted risk of convicted offender or prison or jail inmate; likelihood of inflicting harm upon others.
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14. Risk
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Potential likelihood for someone to engage in further delinquency or criminality
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15. Need Assessment
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Risk/needs assessment instruments: Predictive device intended to forecast offender propensity to commit new offenses or recidivist
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16. Selective incapacitation
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Incarcerating individuals who show a high likelihood of repeating their previous offenses; based on forecasts of potential for recidivism; includes but not limited to dangerousness
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17. Anamnestic prediction
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Projection of inmate behavior according to past circumstances
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18. Actuarial prediction
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The Traditional orientation of juvenile justice, rehabilitation, and individualized treatment has been supplanted by the goal of efficient offender processing.
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19. Clinical Prediction
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Forecast of inmate behavior based upon professionals' expert raining and working directly with offenders
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20. Classification
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Means used by prisons and probation/parole agencies to separate offenders according to offense seriousness, type of offense, and other criteria; no classification system has been demonstrably successful at effective prisoner or client placements.
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21. Predisposition reports
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Documents prepared by juvenile intake officer for juvenile judge; purpose of report is to furnish the judge with background about juveniles to make more informed sentencing decision; similar to the PSI report.
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22. Victim-impact statement
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Appendage to a predisposition report or PSI that addresses the effect of the defendant's actions against victims or anyone harmed by th crime or delinquent act; usually complied by the victim.
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23. False negatives
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Offenders predicted not to be dangerous who turn out to be dangerous
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24. False Positives
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Offenders predicted to be dangerous who turn out not to be dangerous
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25. Flat time
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Frequently known as hard time, meaning the actual amount of time one must serve while incarcerated.
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26. Overrides
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Actions by an authority in an institution or agency that overrules a score or assessment made of a client or inmate; raw scores or assessments or recommendation can be overruled; the function of override is to upgrade the seriousness of offense status or downgrade the seriousness of offense status, thus changing the level of custody at which one is maintained in secure confinement; may also affect the type and nature of community programming for particular offenders.
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