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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Thanatos |
Freuds name for inborn self destructive instincts |
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Behavioral definition of aggression |
Any action that delivers noxious stimuli to another organism |
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Intentional definition of aggression |
Any action intended to harm or injure another living being who is motivated to avoid such treatment |
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Hostile aggression |
Aggressive acts for which perpetrators major goal is to harm or injure a victim |
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Instrumental aggression |
Aggressive acts for which the perpetrators major goal is to gain access to objects, space, or privileges |
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Empathy |
The ability to experience vicariously the same emotions that someone else is experiencing |
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Frustration/aggression hypothesis |
Early learning theory of aggression holding that frustration triggers aggression and that all aggressive acts can be traced to frustration |
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Aggressive cues hypothesis |
Berkowitz notion that the presence of stimuli previously associated with aggression can evoke aggressive responses from an angry individual |
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Proactive aggressors |
Highly aggressive children who find aggressive acts easy to perform and who rely heavily on aggression as a means of solving social problems or achieving other personal objectives |
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Reactive aggressors |
Children who display high levels of hostile, retaliatory aggression because they overattribute hostile intents to others and can't control their anger long enough to seek nonaggressive solutions to social problems |
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Hostile attributional bias |
Tendency to view harm done under ambiguous circumstances as having stemmed from a hostile intent on the part of the harm-doer characterizes reactive aggressors |
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Conflict |
Circumstance in which two (or more) persons have incompatible needs, desires, or goals |
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Retaliatory aggression |
Aggressive acts elicited by real or imagined provocations |
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Passive Victims (of Aggression) |
Socially withdrawn and anxious children whom bullies torment, even though they appear to have done nothing to trigger such abuse |
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Provocative victims (of aggression) |
Restless, hot tempered, and oppositional children who are victimized because they are disliked and often irritate their peers |
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Bully/victims |
A small subset of children who are often bullied and when in turn, often bully their more positive peers |
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Chronic persistence trajectory |
Growth curve of children who are highly aggressive early in life and who display the same high (or escalating) levels of aggression throughout childhood and adolescence |
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High level desisted trajectory |
Growth curve of children who are highly aggressive early in life but who gradually become less aggressive throughout childhood and adolescence |
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Moderate level desister trajectory |
Growth curve of children who are moderately aggressive early in life but who gradually become less aggressive throughout childhood and adolescence |
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No problem trajectory |
Growth curve of children who are low in aggression throughout childhood and adolescence |
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Late onset (or adolescent limited) trajectory |
Growth curve of individuals who become more aggressive, usually for a limited time, during adolescence or young adulthood after having been relatively non aggressive during childhood |
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Relational Aggression |
Acts such as snubbing, exclusion, withdrawing acceptance, or spreading rumors that are aimed at damaging an adversary's self esteem, friendships, or social status |
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Collective efficiency |
Term used to describe neighborhoods in which residents are well connected, neighborly, and tend to monitor events in the neighborhood( including activities of neighborhood youth) to maintain public order |
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Power assertion |
A form of discipline in which an adult relies on his or her superior power ( for example, by administering spankings or withholding privileges) to modify or control a child's behavior |
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Coercive home environment |
A home in which family members often annoy one another and use aggressive or otherwise antisocial tactics as a method of coping with these aversive experiences |
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Negative reinforcer |
Any stimulus whose removal or termination as the consequence of an act will increase the probability that the act will occur |
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Gangs |
Loosely organized groups of adolescents that hang out, identify as a group, and often partake in delinquent or criminal activities |
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Catharsis hypothesis |
The notion that aggressive urges are reduced when people witness or commit real or symbolic acts of aggression |
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Cathartic technique |
A strategy for reducing aggression by encouraging children to vent their anger or frustrations on inanimate objects |
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Incompatible response technique |
A no punitive method of behavior modification in which adults ignore undesirable conduct while reinforcing acts that are incompatible with these responses |
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Time out technique |
A form of discipline in which children who misbehave are removed from the setting until they are prepared to act more appropriately |