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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Define culture |
The complex system of meaning and behavior that defines the way of life for a given group or society. |
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Compare material culture and non-material culture.
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Material culture is what's left behind physically. For example a hamburger, advertisment. Non-material culture includes behaviors, beliefs, expectations, and values; the intangibles. |
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List the four characteristics of culture. |
1. Shared 2. Learned 3. Taken for Granted 4. Varies across time. |
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Explain a shared characteristic of culture. |
basis held in common so people can act sociologically acceptable in a society.
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Explain a learned characteristic of culture |
through SOCIALIZATION its formal and informal means, interaction, observation. We internalize the culture so it becomes what we respect and understand without thinking.
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Explain 'taken for granted' in terms of culture characteristics |
seen as normal. guides behavior without constantly thinking/ challenges.
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Explain 'varies across time and place' in terms of culture characteristics. |
different not bad
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What are the three elements of culture? |
1. Language
2. Norms 3. Values and beliefs |
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Define culture lag. |
when culture changes, material changes faster than non-material culture
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Culture is a ____________ system. |
interactive
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Examples of language culture. |
way we speak, gestures, interactions, symbols
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Examples of norms (four) |
1. Formal
2. Informal 3. Mores 4. Folkways |
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Compare formal norms and informal norms |
formal laws include laws, going to jail. informal laws include suggested social follows that if not conducted could result in a negative stigma. |
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Define: 1. Mores 2. Folkways |
1. Mores is to speak to expectations from strong beliefs. To give all the girls in the class an extra 10 pts would be to go against mores.
2. Folkways are natural standards of behavior. Example; giving personal space. |
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Define Sanctions. What does it mean by positive or negative? |
A sanction is used to utilize/ reinforce behaviors.
-positive such as smiling at someone when they do something good. -negative such as timeout or jail. |
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What are the five variations of culture? |
1. Dominant culture
2. Sub culture 3. Counter-culture 4. Assimilation 5. Multiculturalism |
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Define dominant culture |
The culture not most common but most in power/ the highest in power decide dominant culture.
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Define sub-culture and give an example
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A culture within a culture
Ex: CMU vs country |
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Define counter-culture |
to reject dominant culture. its a deliberate way to reject expectations (goth)
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Define assimilation |
People joining culture need to adopt new culture mostly. |
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Define multiculturism |
different cultures can coexist side by side. Requires respect. |
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Define ethnocentrism |
belief that your culture is the best and right way. for example, United States. |
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Define Xenocentrism |
belief that your culture is inferior and that other cultures are better. for example, "French fashion is the best fashion" |
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Define Cultural Imperialism |
Behavior/exporting your culture on other cultures "we know best" and actively doing so. |
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Harold Garfinkel came up with ethnomethodology. What is ethnomethodology and what is it interested in? |
A perspective within sociology which focuses on the way people make sense of their everyday world. People are seen as rational actors, but employ practical reasoning rather than formal logic to make sense of and function in society. It is interested in the strength of social norms and social conformity in maintenence of everyday life. |
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Name the two books on ethnomethodology |
1. "Behavior in Public Places" -1963 2. "Relations in Public" -1971 |
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Define Stratification. |
The systematic inequalities between groups of people that arise as intended or unintended consequences of social processes and relationships. -consequence of social arrangements -diff types: economic=example -more excess more stratification |
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What leads to more stratification? |
More excess |
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What are the dimensions of social stratification? |
1. Race/ethnicity 2. Class 3.Gender |
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Name systems for stratification. |
1. Slavery 2. Caste systems 3.Estate systems 4. Class systems |
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Out of the four stratification we've looked at, which one does the United States have? |
Class system |
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What is Marxist view on social stratification? |
economic system and distribution of resources (class) is ultimate source of all stratification and inequality. |
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Your |
mom |