Sociology Chapters 6 - 12

people in the same place at the same time who don't share a connection

people who share a common characteristic

people feel a sense of unity

social groups, status and role makes up social structure

people withdraw from social group participation

Social group loses members

everyone has sense of belonging

a group that someone doesn't identify with

more concerned with promoting emotional strength and health, and ensuring that people feel supported

encourage group participation in all decision making

hands off, allows group members to self-manage and make their own choices.

issues orders and assign tasks

People join a group because they get something from it

people have unquestioning obedience to a leader

people join because they want to

A large scale organization that uses rules, hierarchical ranking and a ration world view to achieve maximum efficiency.

Essential characteristics that most cases share

1. Specialization (division of labor)

2. Hierarchical Structure

3. Formal rules, regulations, procedures

4. impersonality

5. merit and careers

Following the rules becomes more important than the goals of the organization

Work expands to fill the time available

People are promoted to their point of incompetency

A small group that rules many people

Violation of a social norm

Deviance is relative because the norms change depending on...

-Time

-Place

-Situation

-Culture

-Media

Deviance can be functional society

1. establishes boundaries

2. promotes group cohesion

3. acts as a safety valve

4. promotes social change

A state of social strain, normative confusion or rapid change in norms when peoples behavior is no longer restrained by social norms

Crime is more likely where there are weak social bounds and social control.

This is a Macro Level theory

When you can't get what you want they way you're supposed to you expierence strain

macro level

Deviance arises when groups with power attempt to impose their norms and values on less powerful groups

All aspects of white-collar crimes as well as other deviant acts perpetrated by those in power

all behavior is is learned through social interaction

Deviance is normal and conformity must be explained

In order to be effective the consequences must be swift, certain and severe

Form of inequality in which we are ranked in a hierarchy based on our access to resources

Caste: Closed, based on ascribed status

Slavery: 2 groups, Free people and slaves

Estate: Monopoly of power on ownership of land

Social Class: Open, based on achieved status

Your relationship to the means of production

Property: wealth

Power: you can get people to do what you want

Prestige: Respect and Admiration

(The 3 P's)

1. We need all jobs filled

2. Some jobs are more important

3. We want the best people in the most important jobs

4. they need incentive

Even Poverty is FUNCTIONAL

-we all benefit from people who will work for less money

The distinctive ways in which group members consume goods and services and diplay rank

Spending money to show off that you can afford it

Leisure for the sake of showing off

a ranking that combines income, occupation prestige, level of education and neighborhood to define social class

opportunities and obstacles one will encounter in areas critical to social mobility

when people fall below a minimum subsistence and are unable to function as members of societ

a lack of resources relative to others and overall standards of society

3x the cost of a minimal diet

a set of norms, beliefs, values and attitudes that trap a small number of the urban poor in a permanent cycle of poverty (most sociologist disagree)

A group sharing apparent physical traits deemed by society to be socially significant

refers to status based on cultural heritage and shared "feelings of people-hood"

a category of people set apart for unequal treatment because of physical or cultural characteristics (Don't have as much power, has nothing to do with numbers)

oversimplified ideas about a group

preconceived judgement about a category of people not subject to chance with evidence

unequal *treatment* of people because of their group membership

beliefs and attitudes that one racial category is inherently superior of inferior to another

biological and physical differences between females and males

cultural understanding of what constitutes masculinity and femininity in a society

the attitudes and behaviors considered masculine or feminine in a culture

a blending of masculine and feminine traits

acknowledging one's sex and internalizing the values, norms and behaviors of accompanying gender expectations

1. Playing Dumb

2. Substitute Offerings

3. waiting it out

4. reduction of needs