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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three important parts of the definition of sociology?
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Scientific study, human social behavior, regularly recurring patterns.
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What application did Auguste Comte come up with? What did he 'term'? Did he or did he not want sociology for social reform?
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Positivism, termed sociology, and yes for social reform.
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What principle was Herbert Spencer known for?
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Social Darwinism.
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Karl Marx?
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Conflict theory.
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What were the two factors that contributed to development of sociology?
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1.) Industrialization/Industrial Revolution
2.) Rise of scientific method. |
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What did Comte argue about the scientific method?
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That it could be sued to study social issues.
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What two parts did Comte divide sociology into?
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Social statics = large-scale, relatively stable patterns of behavior.
Social dynamics = study of causes and consequences of social change. |
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Harriet Martineau did what?
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Translated Comte's works into English and wrote on inequality.
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Emile Durkheim focused on suicide studies and defined what term?
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Social integration.
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Weber = ?
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Verstehen.
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What is basic/pure sociology?
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Research for purpose of making sociological discoveries.
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Applied psychology?
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Used to solve problems.
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Emile Durkheim said pre-industrial societies based on what?
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Mechanical solidarity = low degree of division of labor, homogeneous population, strongly shared values.
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Emile Durkheim said industrial societies are based on what?
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Organic solidarity = high degree of division of labor, heterogeneous population, less strongly shared values, social cohesion is based on interdependence.
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1850's-1920's represented what in sociology?
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reform/activism orientation.
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1920's-1940's?
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"Pure" science or creation of knowledge orientation (apply scientific method).
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1940's-present?
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Applied sociology (objective in research, then when something found it can be applied).
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Explain a structural/functional society.
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Interrelated subsystems, individual is passive part of society, and there is stability.
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Explain symbolic interaction society.
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Society is set of relationships, individual is active part of society, and there is change.
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Explain conflict theory.
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Constantly changed set of coalitions, individual is passive when acting alone but active when participating in groups, conflict.
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Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis?
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the language people use determines their perceptions of the world, but innovation is possible.
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Two parts of socialization?
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acquiring a personality &
learning the values necessary for participation in society. |
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Charles Horton Cooley discussed social interaction and that it is absolutely necessary for development of a self concept, therefore terming what term?
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Looking glass self.
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George Herbert Mead thinks interaction is necessary for development of self concept and likes which sociological school of theory (symbolic, functional, conflict)?
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Symbolic communication is what makes social interaction possible.
Learning to take the role of the other. |
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Sigmund Freud parts of the self?
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Id = basic biological drives
Ego = reality principle, negotiates compromises between the Id and SuperEgo = internalized values and norms of the society. |
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Roll stress = ?
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Anxiety resulting from the individual's social roles.
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Role conflict = ?
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role stress resulting from contradictory role expectations attached to different roles held by the individual.
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Role strain = ?
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role stress resulting from contradictory role expectations attached to the same role.
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Ferdinand Toennies distinguished two types of groups that predominate which are Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft. What do these two mean?
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Gemeinschaft = primary group relationships predominate.
Gesellschaft = most relationships are secondary. |
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Goffman and Dramaturgy means what?
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Study of social interaction as though it were a play being presented on stage.
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What did Harry and Margaret Harlow's experiments with rhesus monkeys show about importance of early learning?
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That babies do not naturally develop into social adults.
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What does Paul Ekman say?
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We all experience six basic emotions and that we show facial expressions for these emotions.
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Goldberg and Lewis conclude what about mothers/daughters and fathers/sons?
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That there are different gender messages in each.
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Our self is...?
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Dynamic.
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What do ethnomethodologists explore?
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Background assumptions, taken-for-granted ideas about the world that underlie our behavior, unstated.
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