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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Sociology
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systematic study of human behavior.
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Social Conflict Theory -
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states that society is an area of inequality, producing conflict & change.
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Four Research Methods -
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experiment
survey participant observation existing sources |
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theory-
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statement about how & why things are related.
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manifest functions -
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the recognized and intended consequences of any social pattern.
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latent functions -
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the unrecognized and unintended consequences of any social patterns.
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culture -
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the beliefs, values., and behaviors and material objects together form a people's way of life.
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symbols -
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anything that carries a particular meaning categorized by ppl who share the same culture.
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language -
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system of symbols that allows ppl to communicate with one another.
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values -
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culturally defined standards that ppl use to decide wat is desirable, good, and beautiful broad guidelines 4 social living.
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norms -
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rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of it's member.
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beliefs -
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specific ideas that ppl hold to be true.
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mores -
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high moral value.
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folkways -
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little/moral value.
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"ethnocentrism" -
VS. cultural relativism |
the act of judging another culture by the values of that culture.
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ethnocentrism
VS. "cultural relativism" - |
judging another culture by the values of that culture.
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socialization -
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the lifelong social experiences (cradle --> grave) develop our human potential and learn culture.
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personality -
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every person's unique, and fairly consistent patterns of thinking, feeling and acting.
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Norms
"Prescriptive" - |
do it.
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Norms
"Proscriptive" - |
don't do it.
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wearing a black suit to a Thailand funeral, when they wear white in mourning would be a ...
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"proscriptive folkway"
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"eurocentrism"-
VS multiculturalism |
the dominance of European cultural patterns.
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eurocentrism
VS "multiculturalism" - |
is a perspective recognizing the cultural diversity of the US and promoting equal standing for all the cultural traditions.
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Nature -
VS Nuture - |
- born with it, ascribed, Biology.
- picked up along the way, achieved, culture debate. |
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(Social Structures)
Hunting Gathering society - |
nomads, moving around
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(Social Structures)
Agrarian/Hortialcultural/Paostral societies - |
settling down next to bodies of water. Social institutions took place.
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(Social Structures)
Industrial Societies - |
important change producing structure. Machines.
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(Social Structures)
Post-Industrial Society - |
we live today, high technology information.
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Sigmund Freud -
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the most studied celebrated theorist about conflict. Cradle ---> grave
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four sociologists
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Auguste Comte
Emilie Durkhelm Karl Marx Max Weber |
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Auguste Comte -
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structural-functional approach.
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Emilie Durkhelm -
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study suicide.
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Karl Marx -
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social conflict theory.
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Max Weber -
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father of social economic status.
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mean -
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arithmetic avg. of a group of scores
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median -
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middle score # , when a group of #s are arranged from highest to lowest.
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mode -
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score that occurs most frequently of a group of #s
12141810 = 1 is the mode. |
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Sigmund Freud -
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conflict/subconscious, human personality has 3 parts.
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ID :
ego : superego : |
basic drives & instincts (sex, survival)
attempt to reconcile id + super ego. presence of culture norms. |
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Freud "True Facts" :
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human internalize culture norms (rules).
our childhood experience has lasting effect. |
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Freud -
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agree that his theory is sexual bias culture that males are more dominant then females.
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Erik Erikson -
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8 stages of development, age realted stages at each stage a significant challenge is met.
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Erikson's first three stages of development -
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St. 1:(Birth-2 1/2 yr), trust vs. mistrust.
St. 2:(2 1/2 yr - 6 yr), autonomy vs. doubted shame. St. 3: (Old Age) - integrity vs. despair |
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Jean Piaget's theory of Cognitive Development -
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1. Sensory-motor stage (5 senses)
2. Pre-operational stage (symbols, language) 3. concrete-operational stage (casual connections) 4. formal operational stage (abstract thought) |
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Piaget
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biological maturation + social interaction = ability to shape my world.
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nature vs. nuture -
Biology vs. culture - ascribed vs. achieved |
concern the relative importance of an individual's innate qualities versus personal experiences in determining or causing individual differences in physical and behavioral traits.
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4 agents of socialization -
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*Family - primary female.
School - socializing similar ideas. Peers - 14-15 parents are stupid. Mass Media - influence of TV. |
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social interaction -
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is the process by which people act and react in relation to others.
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status -
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a social position that one holds.
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status set -
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to all the statuses a person holds at any time.
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ascribed status -
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receives at birth or takes on involuntarily.
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achieved status -
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a social position a person takes on voluntarily that reflects personal ability & effort.
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master status -
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a status that has special importance often shaping a person's entire life (social identity).
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role -
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behavior expected of some one who holds a particular status.
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role set -
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2 or more behaviors attached to a status.
Parent = status feeding, protecting = role |
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role conflict -
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a conflict among the roles corresponding to two or more statuses.
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role strain -
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the stress experienced by an individual when unsuitavle behavior, expectations associated with a single role.
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role exit -
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when we disengage from a role.
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social construction of reality -
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is the process by which individuals creatively shape reality through social interactions.
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Thomas theorem -
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situations that we define real become real in its consequences.
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ethnomethodology -
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the study of the way people make sense of their everyday lives. (Harold Garfinkel)
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Dramaturgical Analysis -
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the study of social interaction in terms of theatrical performance. (Erving Goffman).
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Presentation of Self:
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Non-verbal communication
personal space |
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Presentation of self -
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every effort we make to create specific impressions in the minds of others. (job interview)
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non-verbal communication -
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communicating using body movements, gestures, and other expression, rather than speech.
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6 emotions -
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happiness
sadness fear anger surprised disguise |
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only people who don't experience these 6 emotions -
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Traumatic brain injury
sociopaths |
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culture specifics -
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is wat triggers, valued are emotions
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