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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Region with highest urban population
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Latin America
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Metropolitianization
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growth of large cities
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U.S. regions with highest urban growth
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West and South
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Urban Agglomeration
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large contiguous de facto urban areas
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Mega-City
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urban agglomeration of 10+ million
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Largest Mega-City
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Tokyo
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Most segregated U.S. metro area
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Milwaukee
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Least segregated metro area
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Orange County, CA
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Urban Sprawl
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rapid expansion of metro area
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Sustainable City
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city that is environmentally friendly
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Racial Makeup of U.S. Cities
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in recent years, there has been growth of Asians and Hispanics as opposed to African Americans
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Percent of U.S. that is urban
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81%
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Proximate Determinants of Urbanization
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migration, natural increase, annexation, sex-ratio, etc.
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Dependency Theory
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underdeveloped countries are not merely primitive versions of developed countries, but have unique features and structures of their own
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Modernization Theory
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all countries develop in the same way
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Cohort
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group of individuals who have something in common
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Age Stratification Theory
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society distributes resources unequally by age
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Five Biological Definitions of Sex
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Chromosomes, Gonads, Hormones, Internal sex organs, external sex organs
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Three Social Definitions of Sex
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Rearing, identity, gender role
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Lexis Diagram
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compares age (A), time period (P), and birth cohort (C) in one graph
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Median Age of USA
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37
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Median Age of PA
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40
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Median Age of Centre County
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29
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Median Age of State College
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22
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Dependency Ratio
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ratio of dependent population (people under 15 and over 65) to everyone else
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Dependency Ratio of USA in 1995
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53
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Sex Ratio
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number of males per 100 females
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Sex Ratio By Age
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declines dramatically as age goes up
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Dependency Ratio Worldwide
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Gaza Strip is 119 and China is 48
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Racial Composition of USA
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97% is one race, 3% is two races, 0% is three or more races
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Distribution of 2 or more races
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40% are in the west region, 20% are in California and 8% are in Texas
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City with highest number of people with 2 or more races
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NYC (400,000)
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City with highest percentage of people with 2 or more races
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Honolulu (16%)
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Oldest Old
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people 85 years or older
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Country with highest percentage of elderly population
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Italy, Japan, and Greece (19%)
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Elderly population trend in USA
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1950: 20 million
2000: 35 million 2010: 40 million 2040: 80 million 2050: 87 million |
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Oldest Old population trend in USA
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1950: 1 million
2000: 4 million 2010: 6 million 2050: 19 million |
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Senescence
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biological aging and decline in health due to disease and disability
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Centenarian
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Person lives 100 years or more
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Planned Obsolescence
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People eventually die because they live past their functionality (reproduction)
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Feminization of Old Age
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women live significantly longer than men, which leads to widowhood and poverty
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US Centenarian Population
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2000: 50,000
2010: 100,000 2050: 800,000 |
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Trends in US Households
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1970: 63 million
2000: 106 million |
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Cohabitation
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two unmarried people live together in an unofficial relationship
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Homogamy
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marriage within a social group
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Exogamy
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marriage outside of a social group
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Modernization Theory
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industrialization and new technology encourages diversity
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Relative Income Hypothesis
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Decline in men's wages have led to less marriages and more divorces
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Sexual Division of Labor (Gary Becker)
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Marriage is about husband making money and wife working at home. Women's economic independence has led to less marriages.
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Theory of Marriage Timing (Valerie Oppenheimer)
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Women's economic independence has led to delayed marriage, not the decline of marriage.
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Sex-Ratio Imbalance Theory
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marriage has led to sex-ratio imbalances
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IRCA
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1986 immigration law that gave amnesty
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Change-in-law Theory
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recent laws that have made divorce easier has led to increase in divorce
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Non-marital fertility
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has increased since 1960, especially among African Americans
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Development
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rise in the standard of living
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GNI
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Gross National Income: measure of standard of living and development
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Country with highest GNI
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USA ($15 T)
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PPP
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Purchasing Power Parity
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Country with highest PPP per capita
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Luxembourg (2007) and Qatar (2013)
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Country with lowest PPP per capita
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Congo and Liberia
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UN Millennium Goals
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1. eradicate extreme poverty
2. universal primary education 3. gender equality 4. reduce childhood mortality 5. improve health 6. Combat diseases 7. Sustain environment 8. develop global partnership of development |
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HDI
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Human Development Index: measure of standard of living
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