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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Altruistic Suicide
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Type of suicide that occurs where ties to the group or community are considered more important than individual identity.
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Anomic Suicide
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Type of suicide that ovvurs when the structure of society is weakened or disrupted and people feel hopeless and disillusioned.
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Comparative Method
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Research technique that compares existing official statistics and historical records across groups to test a theory about some social phenomenon.
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Egoistic Suicide
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Type of suicide that occurs in settings where the individual is emphasized over group or community connections.
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Individualistic Explanation
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Tendency to attribute people's achievements and failures to their personal qualities.
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Sociological Imaginaton
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Ability to see the impact of social foreces on our private lives.
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Achieved Status
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Social position acquired through our own efforts or accimplishments or taken on voluntarily.
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Ascribed Status
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Social position acquired at birth or taken on involuntarily later in life.
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Coalition
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Subgroup of a triad, formed when two members unite against the third member.
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Conflict Perspective
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Theoretical perspective that views the structure of society as a source of inequality, which always benefits some groups at the expense of other groups.
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Culture
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Language, values, beliefs, rules, behaviors, and artifacts that characterize a society.
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Dyad
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Group consisting of two people.
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Feminist Perspective
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Theoretical perspective that focuses on gender as the most importance source of conflict and inequality in social life.
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Globalization
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Process through which people's lives all around the world become economically, politically, environmentally, and culturally interconnected.
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Group
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Set of people who interact more or less regularly and who are conscious of their identity as a unit.
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Latent Function
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Unintended, unrecognized consequences of activities designed to help some part of the social system.
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Manifest Function
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Intended, obvious consequences of activities designed to help some part of the social system.
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Norm
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Culturally defined standard or rule of conduct.
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Organization
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Large, complex network of positions, created for a specific prupose and characterized by a hierarchical division of labor.
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Primary Group
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Collection of individuals who are together over a relatively long period, whose members have direct contact with and feel emotional attachment to one another.
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Role
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Set of expectations- rights, obligations, behaviors, duties- associated with a particular status.
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Role Conflict
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Frustration people feel when the demnads of one role they are expected to fulfill clash with the demands of another role.
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Secondary Group
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Relatively impersonal collection of individuals that is established to perform a specific task.
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Social Institution
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Stable set of roles, statuses, groups, and organiztions- such as the institutio of education, family, politics, religion, health care, or the economy- that provides a foundation for behavior in some major area of social life.
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Society
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Population of people living in the same geographic rea who share a culture and a common identity and whose members fall under the same political authority.
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Status
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Any names social position that people can occupy.
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Structural-Functionalist Perspective
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Theoretical perspective that posits that social institutions are structured to maintain stability and order in society.
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Symbol
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Something used to represnet or stand for something else.
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Symbolic Interactionalism
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Theoretical perspective that explains soceity and social structure through an examination of the micro-level, peronal, day-to-day exchanges of people as individuals, pairs, or groups.
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Triad
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Group consisting of three people.
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Value
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Standard of judgment by which people decide on desirable goals and outcomes.
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Analysis of Existing Data
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Type of unobtrusive research that relies on data gathered ealier by someone else for some other purpose.
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Content Analysis
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Form of unobtrusive research that studies the content of recorded messages, such as books, speeches, poems, songs, television shows, Web sites, and advertisements.
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Dependent Variable
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Experimental variable that is assumed to be caused by, or to change as a result of, the independent variable.
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Empirical Research
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Research that operates from the ideological poisiton that questions about human behavior can be answered only through controlled, systematic observations in the real world.
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Experiment
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Research methid designed to elicit some sort of behavior, typically conducted under closely controlled laboratory circumstances.
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Field research
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Type of social research in which the researcher observes events as they actually occur.
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Historical Analysis
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Form of social researc hthat relies on existing historical documents as a source of data.
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Hypothesis
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Researchable prediction that specifies the relationship between two or more variables.
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Incorrigible Proposition
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Unquestioned cultural belief that cannot be proved wrong no matter what happens to dispute it.
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Independent Variable
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Experimental variable presumed to cause of influence the dependent variable.
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Indicator
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Measurable event, characteristic, or behavior commonly thought to reflect a particular concept.
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Moral Entrepreneurs
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Groups that work to have their moral concerns translated into law.
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Nonparticipant Observation
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Form of field research in which the researcher observes people without directly interacting with them and without letting them know that they are being observed.
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Participant Observation
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Form of fiel research in which the researcher interacts with subjects, sometimes hiding his or her identity.
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Probabilistic
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Capable of identifying only those forces that have ahigh lifelihood, but not a certainty, of influencing human action.
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Qualitative Research
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Sociological research based on nonnumerical information (text, written words, phrases, symbols, observations) that describes people, actions, or events in social life.
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Quantitative Research
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Sociological research based on the collection of numerical data that uses precise statistical analysis.
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Representative
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Typical of the whole population being studied.
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Sample
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Subgroup chosen for a study because its characteristics approximate those of the entire population.
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Self-fulfilling Prophecy
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Assumption or prediction that in itself causes the expected event to occur, thus seeming to confirm the prophecy's accuracy.
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Social Construction of Reality
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Process through which the members of a society discover, make known, reaffirm, and alter a collective version of facts, knowledge, and "truth".
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