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114 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Biting your fingernails is an example of a _____ adaptor.
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self
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_______ are gestures that directly translate into words or phrases (thumbs up, peace sign).
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Emblems
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Raising you voice in anger is an example of ____________, the vocal nonverbal dimension of speech – how we say something.
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paralanguage
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When Jack tells Dave, “I’m so stoked, I got an A on this chemistry test” and Dave replies, “I’m hungry. Let’s go get some lunch,” Dave is engaged in __________.
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disconfirmation
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____ is a nonverbal variable that attributes respect/disrespect with punctuality.
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Time
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_______ is a measure of how you value yourself
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Self-esteem
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Miranda spreads her hands to show how big of a fish she caught. This type of nonverbal communication is called _______.
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illustrators
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__________ is the failure to distinguish between similar but different people, objects, and events.
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Indiscrimination
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Elaina gave her informative speech on how to set a formal dinner table. Elaina’s speech is an example of a _________ speech.
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demonstration (how to)
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A prediction that comes true because you act as though it is true is called a ____________.
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self-fulfilling prophecy
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The benefits of _________ include communication enhancement & improved coping abilities
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self-disclosure
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______ communication is also called tactile communication or haptics.
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Touch
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Speech that is hostile, offensive, or degrading to a certain group of people is known as _____ speech
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hate
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An ________ statement is valid, but not necessarily factual.
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inferential
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Language meanings are in ______, not in words.
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people
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The tendency to generalize an individual’s expertise from one area to another is called the _____ effect.
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halo
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the total picture we have of ourselves as individuals
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self-concept
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two parts of self concept:
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self-image & self-esteem
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how we see ourselves
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self-image
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how we feel about ourselves
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self-esteem
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How does self-concept develop?
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Self-evaluations, Others' images, social comparisons, cultural experiences
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We look at ourselves in comparison to other people around us, mostly in comparison to our friends and our family.
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social comparisons
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______ has very different ways of influencing how people feel about themselves.
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Culture
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______ Culture influences women to feel certain ways about themselves. Women look at media with the male gaze.
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Popular
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Sex (male or female) is _______. Gender is _______.
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biological, social creation
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communicating private information about ourselves that another person is unlikely to learn from another source
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self-disclosure in relationships
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model of how visualists view self-disclosure/awareness
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The Johari Window
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4 areas in the Johari window
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1. open area
2. blind area 3. hidden area 4. unknown area |
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What area of the Johari window deals with info known to self and others (personal, not private)?
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open
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What area of the Johari window deals with info known to others, unknown to self (mannerisms, characteristics)?
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blind
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What area of the Johari window deals with info known to self, unknown to others (private)?
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hidden
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What area of the Johari window deals with info unknown to self and others (dream, subconscious)?
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unknown
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In the Johari Windo, the size of the windows _______. For example, when dealing with the relationship of a close friend, the open area is much bigger, blind area smaller (As we get to know each other, the friend will point out things about you and then they’re no longer blind.), and hidden area much smaller
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shifts
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What are some of the risks of self-disclosure?
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o Self knowledge – things you may not want to know
o Fear of negative feedback – makes you vulnerable, open to rejection o Possible material loss (e.g., politicians or public figures) o Information may come back to haunt us o Might inhibit or end relationship |
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Self-Disclosure should occur in ongoing, _____ relationships.
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close
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Concerning self disclosure, a person should consider ______ and possible ______.
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motivation, burdens (weigh risks and rewards to others as well as yourself)
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Self disclosure should be appropriate to ______, _______, and ______ involved.
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situation, context, persons
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Self-disclosure should be _____ and fairly _____.
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reciprocal, eqal
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Men generally self-disclose ____ than women, but both sexes disclose (more/less) to women.
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less, more
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Many cultures do not value self-disclosure and it is considered ______.
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inappropriate
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how we see and understand the world from our own unique viewpoint
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perception
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What are the mechanics of Perception?
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Mechanics of perception:
• Stimulation (Sensing) & Selecting • Organization (categories of schemata) • Interpreting – What does it mean to us? • Memory (Retention) • Recall – not always so easy |
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expectations that we build about a person after we known something of their central traits; pairing personal characteristics for example: happy=friendly or quiet=timid
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implicit personality theory (ipa)
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the first traits we recognize in others influence the interpretation and perception of latter ones (because of previous expectations); part of ipa
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halo effect
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our expectations of ourselves influence our behaviors such that the expectations are fulfilled
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self-fulfilling prophecy
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Self-fulfilling prophecy is based on what effect?
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the pygmalion
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What are some types of verbal messages?
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letters, words, sentences (oral or written)
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a structured system of symbols that communicates meaning
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language
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We use language to ___ ourselves and others. We use language to frame ______ for others.
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define, perceptions
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Messages are both ______ (actual dictionary definition of a word) and ______ (our response to the word as a thing - brings up images, emotions, ideas that are different for everyone)
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denotative, connotative
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actual dictionary definition of a word
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denotative
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our response to the word as a thing - brings up images, emotions, ideas that are different for everyone
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connotative
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Messages vary in ______. For example, sometimes people use language to hint around things, not hurt people's feelings.
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directness
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Messages are _____ influenced. How we communicate with people varies depending on what culture we're in - not just language, but the way we communicate
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culturally
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Message meanings are in and made by _____.
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people
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to speak kindly of
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euphemism
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Other inaccuracies in word usage
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quantity, size, jargon
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efficient way of talking quickly, slang
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jargon
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Without a _____, you don't know what a word means.
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context
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We treat someone with respect. It's not just the words you say, but also how you say it.
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confirmation
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______ can have serious effects on people's self-cocncepts. If on a regular basis by people in their life that matter, it becomes a problem (disrespect, indifference, ignore).
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disconfirmation
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What are three parts of disconfirmation?
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disrespect, indifference, ignore
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What are three parts of confirmation?
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respect, reinforce, acknowledge
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Cultural ______ are a form of harassment and stereotyping.
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identifiers
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Messages ____ (and construct) social reality.
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symbolize
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Messages express both facts and _____.
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inferences
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Messages can obscure ______.
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distinctions
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any information expressed without words; tone of voice, facial expressions, postures, gestures, body motions
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nonverbal communication
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Nonverbal communication is ______ bound.
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culturally
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Functions of Nonverbal Communication
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• Integrating nonverbal and verbal messages
• Accents or emphasizes verbal • Complements or adds nuances to verbal • Contradicts verbal • Regulates verbal (controls or maintains interaction) • Repeats or restates verbal • Substitutes for verbal |
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a gesture that is a substitute for the word
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emblems
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just illustrate a point nonverbally (saying come on let's go with a hand gesture)
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illustrators
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regulate interaction (looking at your watch)
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regulators
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used in order to make people feel more at ease in a situation
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adaptors
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What are the three types of adapters?
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self, alter, objects
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Cracking knuckles, chewing on fingernails are examples of what type of adaptor?
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self
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If something is thrown at a person, they'll probably put their hand up. What type of adaptor that is more instinctual is this?
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alter
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Playing with keys, chewing on a pencil are examples of what type of adaptor?
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objects
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show no expression
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neutralizing
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_____ communication conveys the most information but we do learn to conceal our real feelings with ________ techniques.
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facial, facial management
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you replace one emotion for another
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masking
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the things we do with our voice: pauses, how loud, the rate
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paralanguage
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_____ varies greatly from culture to culture. U.S. likes distances.
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Space, distance, territoriality
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Eye communication differs between _____ and ______.
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males, females
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______ communication is usually more believable than ______.
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nonverbal, verbal
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_______ communication is the primary way of expressing feelings and attitudes.
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nonverbal
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Meaning depends on _____, ______, and ______.
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context, culture, gender
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Nonverbal cues have multiple _______.
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meanings
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Nonverbal cues are ______. You need to look at the whole package (face, body, voice) in order to determine what is being communication
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interdependent
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all the information, behaviors, attitudes, and feelings about yourself that you, and also others know. Examples: name, skin color, sex, age, religion, political beliefs.
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open self
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knowledge about you that others have but you don't. Examples: habit of finishing other people's sentences or your way of rubbing your nose when you become anxious
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blind self
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A large ____ self indicates low self-awareness and interferes with accurate communication
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blind
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those parts of yourself that neither you nor others know; info buried in your subconscious; can learn through hypnosis, dreams, psychological tests, or psychotherapy
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unknown self
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all the knowledge you have of yourself but keep secret from others. Examples: fantasies, embarrassing experiences, attitudes/beliefs you're ashamed of
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hidden self
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measure of how valuable you think you are
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self-esteem
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a type of communication in which you reveal information about yourself; taking info form the hidden self and moving it to the open self
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self-disclosure
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a communication pattern in which we ignore someone's presence as well as that person's communications
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disconfirmation
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a communication pattern in which we acknowledge the presence of the other person but also indicate your acceptance of this person
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confirmation
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the tendency to view people, objects, and events in terms of how they're talked about or labeled rather than in terms of how they actually exist
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intensional orientation
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the tendency to look first at the actual people, objects, and events and then at the labels - to be guided by what you see happening rather than by the way something or someone is talked about
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extensional orientation
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behaviors that monitor, control, coordinate, or maintain the speech of another individual
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regulators
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gestures that satisfy some personal need
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adaptors
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To exaggerate your astonishment at a surprise party to make your friends feel better
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intensify
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to cover up your own joy about good news in the presence of a friend who didn't receive any such news
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deintensify
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the study of touch communication
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haptics
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the vocal but nonverbal dimension of speech; has to do with HOW you say something rather than what you say
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paralanguage
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What type of communication concerns the use of time?
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temporal communication
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the relative importance people place on the past, present, or future
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psychological time
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The _______-time person does one thing at a time, treats time schedules and plans very seriously, considers the job the most important part of a person's life, considers privacy extremely important
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monochronic
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The ________-time person does several things at once, treats time schedules and plans as useful (not sacred), considers the family and interpersonal relationships more important than the job, is actively involved with others.
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polychronic
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words, phrases, or sentences that connect the various parts of your speech
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transitions
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what speech involves speaking without preparation?
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impromptu
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you write out the speech and read it
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manuscropt speech
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timing and wording of a speech are not required, allows greater flexibility for feedback
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extemporaneous speech
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