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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the two main myths that arise from split brain studies? |
1: Humans rely on processing of mostly one hemisphere 2: Two hemisphere work like a spare for one another ALL BS 3: hemisphere process information with subtle difference in processing styles. |
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How do the right and the left hemisphere communicate ? |
Using commisural fiber tracts: corpus callosum anterior/ posterior commissure |
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What structures in the brain do you see the main lateralization? |
Only in cortical sturctures> |
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Can you see lateralization of the hyppocampus? |
Yes it is a cortical structure and not a sub-cortical structure. |
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What are the two therories behind lateralization of function in the human brain? |
1: Enable speed of processing as transcortical projection and transfer take time. 2: Advantage of having non idnetical forms as each area specialized for a function while basic function is still bilateral. |
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What percentage of left handed people have their language represented in the left hemisphere, right handed? |
60% LH 96% RH |
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Is there any anatomical discrepency between the right and the left hemisphere concerning language areas? |
No annatomical study support reliably that anatomical differences are correlated with function ( 65% of RHand but 96% have language on the left ) ( number don<t match) |
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What is the subtele cytoarchitectural differences between the right and left wernicke's area? |
Spacing of Left Wernicke's area are larger between cells than the right : possibly to accomodate more connections within the left hemisphere. Also subtle cell size differences where larger pyramidal cells in the left hemisphere. |
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How is the connectivity of the corpus callosum generally organised? |
Usually homotopic areas in corresponding locations in each hemisphere. |
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aproximately how many axons are in the corpus callosum? |
200 million. |
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What is the difference between homotopic, heterotopic and ipsilateral in terms of connections between corteces? |
homotopic: corresponding areas Heterotopic: one area connects to a different area of the other hemispher Ipsilateral: one area connect to the same side as the initial area. |
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Why would you severe the corpus callosum? |
to control intractable epilepsy. This contains the seizure and reduces the symptoms. |
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Who was the first researcher to assess the split brain syndrom how did he assess the syndrom? |
Roger sperry: experiments on cats with severed corpus callosums. Could teach different tasks in each hemisphere. |
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What are the methodolical issues of split brain patients? |
- only a few accountable patients - Of these, most show abnormal results in neurological tests - Language comprehention vary a lot in the right hemisphere - testing confined to visual stimuli mostly since you have best control. |
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What would be the difference between a RIGHT HANDED patient with no, partial or complete rupture of the corpus callosum if you presented a word in the left visual field? |
no lesion: will say the word partial lesion: will have a vague idea of the word and might guess it afterwards compleet lesion: will say that he/she did not see anything |
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What are the characteristics of a split brain patient? |
- both hemisphere work independently - only left hemisphere speaks |
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What one must be carefull with when testing a split brain patient using visual task? |
be careful about saccades as they will falsify the data tatistoscope can assess this |
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What are the 3 most studied split brain patients? |
WJ JW VP |
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What is the difference between JW and VP's lesion? |
JW full section of the corpus callosum VP only partial section ( splenium and anteriorly to it is segregated) |
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What is the grammatical function of language? |
rule-based system for ordering words |
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What is the lexicon function of language? |
Mind's dictionnary, words associated with meaning. |
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What phenomenon does both hemisphere show ? |
The word superiority effect |
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When priming with compatible and incompatible cues concerning words, what is the difference between the right hemisphere and the left hemisphere? |
Right: will not be affected by priming and hence will not have advantage Left: willl be primed and will notice advantage in response time. |
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Where is the lexicon function of language lateralized? Grammatical? can this change? |
Lexicon: both hemisphere though function differently Grammatical: only on the left hemisphere Yes can change: demonstrated learning process of grammatical language in right hemisphere. (eg : distinguished between grammatically correct and incorrect sentences) |
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What happens when you expose two different words that could be integrated into one to a split brain patient and ask them to draw the words? |
You will see segregation between both words (integration willl not occur) eg: fire / arm will draw seperate entities not all together. |
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Where is face processing lateralized? was there an exception in what was seen in the patient studied? |
Usually lateralized in the right hemisphere but patient VJ had it lateralised to the left hemisphere. |
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in Gazzaniga's experiment of discrimination between the self and non self, what were the results? |
there was a bias for the self in the left hemisphere |
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normally, is higher ordered processing lateralized between each hemisphere? |
usually it isn't |
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When doing different versions of the posner cuing test, what was found regarding the difference between the two hemispheres? |
When directional cuing was done with a normal arrow: no difference but only right hemisphere can be cued with a drawing of facial gaze not the left . |
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What is the interpreter hypothesis? What gazzaniga boldly suggested based on this ? |
THe hypothesis where the left hemisphere have a tendency to construct a narrative pf information processes and interprets its meaning. Gazzaniga suggested that it might be the source of our conscious experiences. |
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in a frequency prediction task what will you see as a difference between the right and the left hemispheres? |
Left hemisphere: will try and frequency match : try and discern pattern Right hemisphere: will maximize: always choose the most probable answer. |