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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Sports psychology defined by Weinberg and Gould
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is the study of people and their behaviors in sport and exercise activities and the practical application of that knowledge
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AASP sports psychology definition
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The study of the psychological and mental factors that influence and are influenced by participation and performance in sport, exercise, and physical activity.
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Wann sports psychology definition
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The primarily scientific study of the behavioral, affective, and cognitive reactions to sport settings, including the reactions of both participants and spectators.
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AASP sports psychology definition
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The application of the knowledge gained through the study of everyday settings.
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Applied Sport Psychologist
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Clinical:
licensed psychologist works in sports setting |
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Applied Sport Psychologist
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Educational:
typically not licensed psychologist more common than clinical minimum of master's degree |
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Educational Sport Psycholigist
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mental trainer
mental training consultant performance enhancement consultant |
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applied sport psychology domains
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clinical: abnormal, normal behavior
educational: normal, supernormal behavior |
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Main component of Triplett's study
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social facilitation - study on cyclists
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Griffith's approach in his "Psychology and its Relation to Athletic Competition"
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psychology and athletics were discussed but never studied.
Lay out general plan of study, doesn't leave mind in locker, the more the mind is made use of... |
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Coleman Griffith, 1925
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athletic research lab, university of Illinois, Grandfather of American sport psychology, Psychology of Coaching, Psychology of Athletics, first applied sport psychologist
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Griffith's view of the psychologist job
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1.coaching:make plain psy laws and prin. implied in success.
2.adapt to athletics some facts discovered in lab. 3.aid coach by using science to solve probs and discover new facts |
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1966-1976: Personality Research Era
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Research on psych. theory and how to apply it to performance:social facilitation, arousal (perf.relationship), anxiety, motivation (drive theory)
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Early definition of Soviet sport psych.
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investigate the manifestations and development of psyches and the forming of active personality under special conditions of sport and physical education.
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former focus of soviet sport psychology
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theoretical, genetics, personality
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current focus of Soviet sport psych.
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psychodiagnostics
psychoregulation |
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Soviet interest in sport psych began after
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World War 2
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anthropromaximology
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study of peak performance
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1980 Olympic Soviet study of peak experience
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grp1:100% PT
grp2:75% PT - 25%MT grp3:50-50 grp4:25%PT - 75%MT (most success) conc:able to orchestrate peak perf. |
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motivation
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central to understanding sport/perf. experience. Is motivation the core of everything we do? What truly makes us do something?
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Movere
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to move
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underlying theme in motivation
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what factors are involved to make us move to fulfill a need?
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motive
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desire to fulfill a need
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Roberts motivation definition
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personality factors, social variables, and/or thoughts that are assumed to come into play when one perf. a task in which he is evaluated, competes, or to attain a standard
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Finch motivation definition
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dynamic process that involves incentive for activity and drive toward particular behavior
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Weinberg & Gould definition of motivation
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direction of effort=reason
intrinsic(self determining) extrinsic(rewards) intensity=effort expended direction and intensity closely related |
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trait-centered
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Psycho-physiological approach
participant centered, function of personality characteristics, innate/genetic TC not endorsed-ignores environ. |
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situation centered
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Social Psychological
motivation determined by situation, direct contrast to TC view SC not endorsed-ignores person |
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interactional view
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Cognitive, behavioral, social.
participant-by-situation view most widely endorsed. |
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Approach endorsed by SEPS
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interactional:considers traits and situation
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some situational factors of motivation
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leader-coach style
facility attractiveness win-loss record |
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Sorrento&Sheppard impact on performance
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Consider both situational and personal factors, multiple (at times competing) motives for involvement.
Youth:fun,skill development, social Adults:health,fitness,self-challenge Change the environment Behavior modification |
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Four common theories of Achievement Motivation
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Need Achievement Theory
Attribution Theory Achievement Theory Competence Goal Theory |
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achievement motivation
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self-comparison of achievement
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competitiveness
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social evaluation or comparison
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Need Achievement Theory
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tendency to strive for success, persist in face of failure, experience pride in accomplishments
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Five key components to nAch
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personality factors
situational factors behavioral tendency emotional reactions achievement behavior |
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differences between high and low achiever
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achieve success/avoid failure
probabilityof success/incentive value of success approach success/avoid failure pride/shame,failure |
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Achievement Behavior
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hAch:select challenging tasks, prefer intermediate risks, perform. better when evaluated.
lAch:avoid challenging tasks, avoid intermediate risks, perform worse when evaluated. |
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Why is Attribution Theory considered a cognitive approach?
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it is based on perception - thought process underlying achievement differences.
How people explain their successes & failures. |
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Three components of Attribution Theory
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Stability
Locus of causality locus of control |
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Stability
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expectancy of future success
stable/unstable stable:talent unstable:luck |
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Locus of Causality
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emotional influence
internal/external internal:effort external:easy team |
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Locus of Control
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emotional/behavioral response
control/no control control: game plan no control: opponents mistakes |
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Attribution Theory
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prediction, perception, where do you place blame, change the perception in hopes of changing the behavior.
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Achievement Goal Theory:
outcome goal orientation |
or competitive goal orientation: focuses on comparing performance with that of others and defeating others.(JLo)
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Achievement Goal Theory:
task goal orientation |
or mastery goal orientation:
focuses on improving relative to one's own past performances. (me) |
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Achievement Goal Theory:
social goal orientation |
focuses on judging competence in terms of affiliation with the group and recognition of being liked by others.
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Competence Motivation Theory
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people motivated to feel worthy and competent.
feelings of perception of control, self esteem, perceived competence are primary determinants of motivation. |
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Enhancing motivation
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promote intrinsic motivation:define success as effort and performance relative to absolute standards
Control motivation by making internal attributions (effort and ability) |
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Enhancing Motivation (2)
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use content feedback to provide knowledge of perf. and how it relates to + or - outcomes. Specific, challenging, realistically attainable goals, shared goal setting, develop perf. windows to objectively evaluate goals
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Noah
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competence motivation theory:
think of a child... |
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Gianna
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attribution theory:change perception to change behavior
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Teammates
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achievement goal theory
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Coach
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attribution theory
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Garage Door Opener
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need achievement theory:fear of failure
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