Study Guide For Emt Midterm Ch 1-16

Direction given over the phone or radio directly from the medical director or designated physician

Consitsts of standing orders, training, and supervision authorized bt the medical director

Written Document

Written Documents, signed by the EMS system's medical director, that outline specific directions, permissions, and sometimes prohibitions regarding patient care; also called protocols

Unwritten Document

Personal Safety

Proper Handwashing

Blood-borne Pathogens: HIV, Hep B, Hep C

Prevention Strategies: Wear gloves and make sure to be vaccinated

~Do not assume an aggressive posture

~Make good eye contact, but do not stare

~Speak calmly, confidently, and slowly

~Never threaten the patient, either verbally or physically

~Be attentive to facial expressions, body language, and eye contact - your own and your patients

~Constant communication

Specific authorization to provide care expressed by the patient

Legal assumption that treatment was desired

Permission for treatment given by a competent patient after the potential risks, benifits, and allternitives to treatment have been explained

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

Ensures the Patient information is protected

1. EMT's duty to act

2. Cause

3. Breach of duty

4. Real or perceived damage

~You should present yourself as competent, confident, and caring.

~You must take charge of the situation, but do so with compassion.

~Approach an older patient slowly and calmly.

~Allow plenty of time for the patient to respond to your questions.

~Watch for signs of confusion, anxiety, or impaired hearing/vision.

~The patient should feel confident you are in charge and that everything possible is being done for them.

~Ensure clear frequency before speaking.

~Wait one second before speaking.

~Hold microphone 2-3" away from mouth.

~Address the unit you're callling and provide the name of your unit.

~Keep transmission brief.

~Use clear text.

~Avoid using codes or agency-specific terms.

~ Use clear, calm and monotone voice.

~Avoid using slang.

~Remember airwaves are public and can be picked up by scanners.

~Do not use names, protect the privacy of the patient.

~Indicate end of transmission by saying "over".

~Do not provide a diagnosis of the patient's problem.

~Use EMS transmissions only for EMS communications.

~Monitor background noise.

Farther away from the orgin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above

Away from the head end or the lower part of a structure or the body; below

Toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of

Away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of

Toward or at the back of the body; behind

Toward or at the front of the body; in front of

Also known as the frontal plane- is any vertical plane that divides the body into ventral and dorsal (belly and back) sections

Divided into top and bottom

Lying face up

Divided into left and right

Lying face down

Sitting upright

Person who is laying flat on his or her back with the legs elevated approximately 8-12 inches

Referes to one of a series of variations ona a lateral recumbent or 3/4 prone postition of the body

Foward facing part of the hand in the anatomic postion

Bottom of the foot

Posterior surface of the body, including the back of the hand

Motion towards the midline

Motion away from the midline

Toward or at the body surface

Away from the body surface

Between a more medial and a more lateral structure

~Understanding key terms, acronyms, symbols, and abbriviations is important for effective communications and dcocumentation.

~Help you determine the meaning of an unknown term by breaking the word apart

~Once you understand medical jargon, you will be able to communicate effectively with other members of the EMS, healthcare, and public safety.

Cerebrum

Occipital lobe

Parietal lobe

Frontal lobe

Temporal lobe

Cerebellum

Midbrain

Pons

Medulla Oblongata

Spinal cord

Bony spine (vertebrae)

Brain

Spinal cord

90-130 Systolic BP

60-100 BPM

12-20 Breathes Per Minute

Disorder in which cholesterol and calcium bouild up inside the walls of the blood vessels, formind plaque, which eventually leads to partial or complete blackage of blood flow

A disease that causes the arteries to thicken, harden, and calcify

Speak in a calming matter.

Develop a plan

Minimum of 5 personnel

Establish a team leader

Place patient supine

Secure to stretcher

Secure one arm above the patient and the other at the side

Secure the legs

Decontaminate after each use

Protecive measures that have traditionally been developed by the CDC

In dealing with objects, blood. body fluids, and other potential exposure risks of communicable disease

General impression

Mentation, AVPU, PPTE

Chief Complaint

Airway

Breathing

Circulation

PEARRL

Pupils Equal and Round Regular in size React to light

Become fixed with no reaction to changes in light

Dilate with introduction of a bright light and constrict when the light is removed

React sluggishly instead of briskly

Become unequal in size

Become Unequal when a bright light is introduced into or removed from the eye

Injury of the brainstem or brain

Trauma or Stroke

Brain tumor

Inadequate oxygenation or perfusion

Drugs or toxins (CNS depressions)

Insert an oral airway (oropharyngeal)

Insert a nasal airway ( Nasopharyngeal)

Jaw thrust maneuver

Head tilt chin lift

Jaw thrust

Most serious thing a patient is concerned about

A dangerous conditon in which the body tissue and cells dont have enough oxygen

Give additional oxygen to the patient and into the body (blood) as quickly as possible

Sign of Tachypnea. Could be indication of respiratory disorder. The tidal volume will decrease. The minute volume would change depending on the numer of respirations

Amount of air moved during one breath

The volume of air moved through the lungs in one minute. Calculated by multiplying tidal volume and respiratory rate; also reffered to as minute ventilation

Backup system to control respiration

90%

100%

24-44%

16%

Indacates a narrowing of the lower airway

Indicates a presence of mucus in the lungs

Indicates fluid in the lungs

Indicates that the patient has an airway onbstruction in the neck or upper part of the chest

indicates an upper airway obstruction, usually caused by the tounge or a foreign body

Amount of mediaction given

Reson for which a medication is given

Situation in which a drug should not be given

Any action of a drug other than the desired one

To bind or stick to a surface

Process by which medications travel through body tissues

The state of a substance when its particles are mixed with, but undissolved, in a fluid or solid

As an EMT, you can only administer medications for which you have an order from medical control

Right patient

Right medication

Right dose

Right route

Right time

Right documentation

Right to refuse

When absorbed, provides glucose for cell use

Absorbs toxic substances in the digestive tract

Relaxes vascular smooth muscle causing vasodilation which results in increase coronary blood flow

Decreses paltelet aggregation, thus increasing blood flow through the coronary arteries

Dilates brinchial smooth muscle

Bronchodilator and vasoconstriction

Reverses hypoxia, provides O2 to be absorbed by lungs

Compete with opiates at the opiate receptor sites

Bronchodilation

Rapid sinus rhythem; over 100BPM

High blood pressure; systolic over 140

Slow sinus rhythem; under 60

Low blood pressure; systolic under 90

Pump-heart

Pipes- vessels

Container- blood

~Severe bacterial infection

~Signs and syptoms: Warm skin or fever, Tachycardia, low Bp

~Treatment: Transport promply, admisister high-flow O2, assist ventilations, keep patient warm, consider ALS

~Damaged cervical spine, which causes widespread blood vessel dilation

~SS: Bradycardia, Low BP, SIgns of neck injury

~T: Secure airway, Spinal immobilization, Assist ventilations, Administer high-flow oxygen, Preserve body heat, Transport promptly, Consider ALS

~Extreme life-threatening allergic reaction

~SS: can develop within seconds, Mild itching or rash, Burning skin, Vascular dilation, Generalized edema, Coma, Rapid death

~T:

Loss of blood or fluid

Widespread dilation off the small arterioles, small venuales, or both

Inadequate heart function, disease of muscle tissue, impaired electrical system, disease or injury

Shock due to emotional stress or to seeing an injury or accident

Altered mental status, weak rapid or absent pulse, shallow rapid breathing, air hunger, feeling of impending doom

Falling blood pressure, ashen, mottled or cyanotic skin, dilated pupils, poor urinary output

Shock has progressed to far

Recoil!

2-2.4 (5cm) in adults

2 in children

1/3 in peds

30:2

Noninvasive emergency life saving care that is used to treat medical conditions, including airway obstruction, respiratory arrest, and cardiac arrest

Remove the patch

Respiratory arrest

Oral history

~Evaluate level of conscious (AVPU)

~Determine orientation (PPTE)

~Use the Glasgow Coma Scale on a patient with an altered mental status

Be current on your DTaP vaccine.

Put a mask on your patient and yourself

A type of rebreather mask that you would where around patients with potential tuberculous

Rate of breath

quality

sound

depth

Alveoli

Respiration is the exchange of gasses in the alveoli and ventilation is the exchange of air between the lungs and the environment

Immune system

Superior/Inferior Vena Cava

Right Atrium

Tricuspid valve

Right Ventricle

Pulmonary Artery

Lungs

Pulmonary Vein

Left Atrium

Mitral Valve

Left Ventricle

Aorta

Elecrical current begins and passes through both atria

Bridge of special electrical tissue between atria and ventricle

Between ventricles

In each side of ventricle

Smiking, physical activity, cholesterol levels, hypertension, diabetes, obesity

Gender, heredity, genetics, age

Nausea, vomiting, inability to swallow/ no gag reflex

OD of corrosives, caustics, or petroleum substances

Cerebral hemorrhage, use sexual enhancement drug within 24-36 hours, systolic bp less than 100

Bleeding disorders or GI bleeding

tachydysrhythmias or MI

None in anaphylaxis

Very rarely in patients with COPD

DON'T use near open flames as it will support combustion.

Never withhold oxygen from a patient

None in the emergency setting

Tachycardia, MI

Nose

Mouth

Tongue

Jaw

Pharynx

Larynx

Trachea

Bronchi

Lungs

Alveoli

Size airway, lubricate tip, insert into larger nostril, face bevel owards septum, gently advance airway until resistance is met, rotate 180* and continue to insert

Size airway, open pts mouth, hold airway upside down, rotate airway 180*, insert airway until the flange rests on the patient's lips

Relaxes vascular smooth muscle causing vasodilation which results in increased coronary blood flow

Decreases platelet aggregation, thus increasing blood flow through the coronary artery

It is a pre-metered dose prescribed to the patient

Every 15mins