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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the articular surfaces of the glenohumeral joint
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Humeral head
* Large size helps facilitate movement and mobility * Faces superiorly, medially and posteriorly * Only 1/3 of the humeral head is in contact with the glenoid fossa Glenoid fossa * Pear-shaped, shallow * Faces laterally, anteriorly and slightly superiorly |
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Identify, describe and state the functions of the glenoid labrum
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* Fibrous structure around the glenoid fossa
Functions to: 1) Facilitates mobility 2) Increase the glenoid cavity and give stability, by allowing the articular surfaces 3) Attachment site for the joint capsule, ligaments and muscles |
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Describe the joint capsule of the GHJ
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* Very thin, loose and baggy - this allows you to carry out full movements (if it was tight you would have lesser range of movement)
* Attaches to glenoid labrum and around anatomical neck of humerus * Reflected medially onto medial shaft * The shoulder is the most commonly dislocated joint in the body - because the joint capsule is so thin, it does not offer much stability (mobility at the price of stability) * Reinforced by rotator cuff tendons, glenohumeral and coracohumeral ligaments (capsular) * Interacts with subscapular bursa and intertubercular groove * There is an opening at upper end of intertubercular groove to allow the long head of biceps to pass into the arm |
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Describe the synovial membrane
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* Lines the joint capsule and bony surfaces inside the joint capsule that aren't covered by articular cartilage
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Describe the coracohumeral ligament (capsular and extracapsular)
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* Subtends from coracoid process to humerus
* In the upper limb anatomical position, the glenoid fossa is directed superiorly and laterally * So, prevents lateral and therefore inferior dislocation of humerus |
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Describe the coracoacromical ligament (extracapsular)
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* Subtends from coracoid process to acromion process, above the head of the humerus
* Prevents superior dislocation of humerus |
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Describe the glenohumeral ligament (capsular)
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* Consists of three sections - superior, middle, inferior (but 20-30% of people lack the middle ligament)
Superior * Prevents lateral and therefore inferior dislocation of humerus * Limits external rotation Middle * Limits external rotation * Attaches to humerus on front of lesser tubercle below the insertion of subscapularis Inferior * Prevents anterior dislocation of humerus when fully flexed and abducted * Strongest part of ligament * Attaches to the anteroinferior part of the anatomical neck |
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Describe the transverse humeral ligament (capsular)
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* At upper end of intertubercular groove - bridges the gap between greater and lesser tubercles
* Can be seen anteriorly * Keeps long head of biceps brachii in bicipital groove |
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Describe the precise direction in which the glenoid fossa faces when the upper limb is in the anatomical position (pendant position) and explain the significance of this alignment
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* Glenoid fossa is directed laterally, anteriorly and slightly superiorly
* Humeral head is directed superiorly, medially and posteriorly * Such orientations prevent anterior and posterior dislocation of the humerus |
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State the specific mechanical function(s) of the ligaments
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DO THIS YOU FUCK
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Describe the relationship of the subacromial and subscapular bursae with the cavity of the shoulder (glenohumeral) joint
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Subacromial bursae
* Lies between and separates the coracoacromial arch and deltoid from the superior-lateral part of the shoulder joint Subscapular bursa * Both of these bursae are important, as adhesions (friction) may form at those points, preventing free-gliding movements |
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Define and demonstrate movements at the shoulder joint and movements of the scapula
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Elevation/depression
* Shrugging shoulders, "I don't know" Protraction/retraction * Moving foward/backward around the ribcage * Protraction is away from spine, retraction is towards spine Lateral (upward) rotation/medial (downward) rotation * Abduction and adduction |
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Describe the relationship between scapular and clavicular movements
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* Movements of the scapular produce movements at the clavicular joints
* Elevation/depression = up/down * Protraction/retraction= front/back * Rotation = FIUFIEIEURE |
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Identify and classify the sternoclavicular joint
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* Synovial joint
* Multi-axial * Plane |
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Sternoclavicular joint - describe the articular surfaces and joint capsule
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Articular surfaces
* Sternal end of clavicle * Clavicular notch of sternum * Costal cartlage of rib 1 Joint capsule * Strong * Reinforced by capsular ligaments * Only place where shoulder girdle attaches to axial skeleton |
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Sternoclavicular joint - describe the synovial membrane and articular disc
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Synovial membrane
* Has 2 separate synovial membranes * Contains an intra-articular disc - divides the joint cavity into medial and lateral compartments The intra-articular disc * Functions: 1) Improves congruency 2) Shock absorber 3) Prevents superior dislocation of clavicle 4) Acts as "pivot" about which elevation and depression occur |
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Sternoclavicular joint - describe the costoclavicular and sternoclavicular ligaments
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Costoclavicular ligament
* Very strong, short, extracapsular * Attaches to upper surface of first costal cartilage, and to roughened area on posterior aspect of inferior surface of medial end of clavicle Functions: 1) Prevents superior dislocation of clavicle 2) Limits protraction and retraction . Sternoclavicular ligaments * Attaches above superior and anterior parts of medial end of clavicle to front of upper part of manubrium sterni A) Anterior SC (capsular) * Limits retraction B) Posterior SC * Limits protraction . Interclavicular ligament * Joints clavicle to clavicle, bridging across the manubrium stern * Extracapsular * Limits retraction |
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Identify and classify the acromioclavicular joint
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* Synovial
* Multiaxial * Plane |
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Acromioclavicular joint - describe the articular surfaces, joint capsule and synovial membrane
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Articular surfaces
* Acromial end of clavicle * Anterior, medial acromion Joint capsule * Loose * Reinforced by capsular ligaments Intra-articular disc * PARTIAL disc functions as a shock absorber |
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Acromioclavicular joint - describe the coracoclavicular ligament (conoid and trapezoid part)
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Conoid part of CC ligament (extracapsular)
* Vertical, posteromedial * Prevents superior dislocation of clavicle * Limits protraction of scapula * Produces posterior axial rotation of clavicle Trapezoid part of CC ligament (extracapsular) * Oblique * Lies more laterally than conoid part * Limits retraction of scapula * Prevents superior and lateral dislocation of clavicle |
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State the specific mechanical function(s) of the ligaments of AC and SC joint
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DO IT YOU FUCK
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List the ligaments which attach to the:
* Coracoid process of scapula * Acromion process of scapula * Glenoid labrum * Greater tubercle of humerus |
Coracoid process of scapula
* Coracoacromial lig. * Coracohumeral lig. Acromion process of scapula * Coracoacromial lig. * Acromioclavicular lig. Glenoid labrum * Glenohumeral lig. (sup., mid., inf.) Greater tubercle of humerus * Transverse humeral lig. |
