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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Functions of the skeletal system |
supporting soft tissue.
protection of organs. attachment points for muscles,tendons and ligaments. storage of minerals and fat. hematopoeisis. |
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The # of bones in the human body
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206
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Bones are classified by their shape
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Long bones - humerus and femur. |
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pronation
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the assumption of the prone position. |
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supination
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the assumption of the supine position.
ex:a person's palm is supine when the forearm is turned so that the palm faces upward. |
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inversion
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movement of the sole of the foot inward-occurs at the ankle.
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eversion
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movement of the sole of the foot outward- occurs at the ankle.
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the three important functions of muscles accomplished through contracton
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motion.
maintenance of posture. heat production. |
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afferent neurons
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convey information from the peripheral receptors to the CNS.
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efferent neurons
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convey the response of the CNS, by way of the somatic nervous system, to the skeletal muscles. |
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postural tonus is
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the sustained contraction of select skeletal muscles that keep the body in an upright position against the force of gravity.
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body mechanics
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the application of mechanical laws to the human body, specifically in regard to structure, function and position of the body
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patient care ergonomics
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the practice of designing equipment & work tasks to conform to the capability of the worker in relation to patient care.
patient handling tasks are the primary cause of musculoskeletal disorders among nurses. |
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orthopedics
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the correction or prevention of disorders of body structures used in locomotion.
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tonus
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the state of slight muscle contraction.
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contractures
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a permanent contraction of a muscle.
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ADL
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activities of daily living.
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congenital or acquired postural abnormalities
scoliosis |
lateral curvature of the spine, usually occurs mostly in women during adolescence.
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congenital or acquired postural abnormalities
kyphosis |
an increased convexity in the curvature of the thoracic spine.
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flat effect
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an effect of depression on facial movements in which an individual's face registers no emotion.
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isotonic exercise
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involves muscle shortening and active movement.
ex: jogging & independently performing range of motion exercises. |
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isometric exercises
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involves muscle contraction without any shortening of muscle fibers.
ex: chair exercises involving contractions of the gluteal muscles. |
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isokinetic exercises
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involves muscle contraction with resistance from an external device.
ex: lifting weights. |
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regular exercise produces the following benefits
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increased efficiency of the heart.
decreased heart rate and blood pressure. increased blood flow to all body parts. increased circulating fibrinolysin(small clot busting proteins) |
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atelectasis
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incomplete expansion or a collapse of lung tissue that can result from immobility.
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hypostatic pneumonia
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a pneumonia that results from immobility and inactivity.
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atrophy
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decreased muscle size.
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ankylosis
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a consolidation and immobilization of a joint.
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the two phases of the normal gait
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stance- when the heel of the right foot strikes the ground.
swing- when the toe of the left foot pushes off and leaves the ground, moving the leg from behind to in front of the body. |
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Range of motion
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the complete extent of movement of which a joint is normally capable.
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flaccidity
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results from disuse or neurologic impairments.
decreased tone of skeletal muscle. |
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spasticity
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increased tone that interferes with movement. caused by neurologic impairments.
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paresis
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impaired muscle strength or weakness.
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paralysis
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absence of muscle strenght secondary to nervous impairment.
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hemiparesis
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weakness of one half of the body. |
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hemiplegia
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paralysis of one half of the body.
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paraplegia
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paralysis of the legs.
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quadriplegia
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paralysis of the arms and legs.
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Bariatric patients
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patients with a BMI of 50 or greater.
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Bariatric transfer aids
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designed to be used with patients who are obese.
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gait belt
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used for transferring patients and assisting with ambulation.
used to help the patient stand and provides stabilization during pivoting. |
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stand assist and repositioning aids
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for those patients requiring minimal assistance to stand up. an appropriate support to grasp.
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Lateral assist devices
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reduce patient-surface friction during side-to-side transfers.
boards and friction reducing sheets. |
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Hoyer lift
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powered full body lifts for non weight bearing patients that move from chair or bed or stretcher.
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Antiembolytic Stockings
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passive interventions to aid in the prevention of venous stasis and the development of deep vein thrombosis, phlebitis,and pulmonary embolism.
available in either knee high or thigh high length. to size correctly measure from: heal to patella's inseam(knee high) or groin(thigh high). then measure circumference 6 inches down from patella. |
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ROM
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range of motion exercises
passive or active-isotonic exercise. stop at point of pain/resistance. hold for 10 seconds,return to a neutral position. repeat sets of three. exercises release contractures |
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when turning a patient, the bed should be at the level of the caregiver's
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elbow
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The immobile patient should be turned every
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two hours.
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