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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Cell division that produces sex cells |
Meiosis |
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the three things an atom consists of |
protons (+ charge), neutrons, and electrons (- charge) |
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the total number of protons and neutrons found within the nucleus of an atom |
mass number |
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the average mass of all the known isotopes of an element |
atomic mass |
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What is the study of the stucture of organs and body systems? |
Anatomy |
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What is the study of the functions of the organs in the body system? |
Physiology |
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What kind of tissue is formed in sheets and does not have its own blood supply? Ex. Skin |
Epithelial |
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What kind of tissue is found throughout the body, bone, cartilage, adipose, and blood vessels. It has its own blood supply (except ligaments)? |
Connective |
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What kinds of tissue produces movement? Which ones are voluntary? involuntary? |
Muscle Tissue |
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cut made along a longitudinal plane divides the body into right and left parts |
sagittal section |
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contains all the structures within the chest and abdomen; diaphragm divides the ventral cavity into the thoracic cavity; below the diaphragm are the abdominal and pelvic cavities |
ventral body cavity |
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Which system is a storage for minerals? |
skeletal |
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tiny hairs in the lungs that keep the airway clear by removing unwanted matter from the lungs |
cilla |
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after leaving the bronchial tubes, air travels into the tiny air sacs that are surrounded by capillaries, they permit the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide to occur |
aveoli |
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What does the CNS consists of? |
Brain and spinal cord |
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What does the ANS control? |
heartbeat and digestion |
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What does the SNS control? |
talking and walking |
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Another name for large intestine? |
colon |
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Chemicals that break down protiens, carbs, and fats into nutrients |
Enzymes |
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the absorption of nutients occur in the small intestine to increase suface area? |
villi |
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Engulfing of pathogens by white blood cells |
phagocytosis |
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lyse means to |
rupture |
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Chemical messengers released by damaged tissues |
Cytokines |
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What kingdoms are part of the Eukaya domain? |
Animalia, fungi, plante, protista |
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Strectches of DNA on a chromosome that provide info for an organisms characteristics |
Genes |
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What store and transmit hereditary information? |
Nucleic acids |
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What are the 5 nitrogenous bases? |
Adenine |
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Thymine only pairs with? |
DNA |
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What pairs in DNA? |
A & T |
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What is the process of protein productions from messenger RNA? |
translation |
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Nucleic acides include? |
DNA and RNA |
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Where is the DNA located in a prokaryotic cell? |
Nucleoid |
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What part of the cell makes protein? |
Ribosomes |
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What is the ER responsible for? |
Moving protiens (secretion) |
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Where is APT produced in the cell? |
Mitochondria aka Powerhouse |
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What part of the cell allows cellular movement? |
Flagella |
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What kinds of cells are gametes? |
Haploid |
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How do heterotrophs produce there own food? |
cellular respiration |
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Photsynthesis= |
Carbon dioxide + H2O + Sunlight ---> Glucose + Oxygen |
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What is the major enzyme responsible for DNA replication in cells |
DNA Polymerase |
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an explaination formulated to answer the question being investigated |
hypothesis |
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steps used in formulating a hypothesis |
1. identify the problem |
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gathering of as much information as possible in attempt to answer the original posed question |
data collection |
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comparing a control group and an experimental group, the 2 groups both equally represent the population, one variable difference |
experimentation |
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determine if the data is reliable and whether or not it supports the hypothesis |
analysis |
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after many experiments and the development of many models, it is possible to develop a theory, answer to the hypothesis, the solution |
conclusion |
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a method whereby conclusions follow from general principles, leads to a specific conclusion |
deductive reasoning |
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a method of arriving at general principles from specific facts, relies heavily on a preponderance of information that leads to a certain degree of confidence in a conclusion |
inductive reasoning |
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list the levels of the human body structure from the smallest to the largest |
atom |
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list the four basic tissue types in the human body |
epithelial |
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list the four chambers that the heart consists of, in order of their flow |
r atrium |
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the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food |
digestion |
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microscopic projections of tissue that make up the villi |
microvilli |
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list the 3 main functions of the Nervous System |
1. sensory function |
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an abdominal muscle that contracts, pulls air into the lungs during inspiration |
diaphragm |
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list the main functions of the human body |
1. adaption |
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a stable state in which all the needs of the body are met and all of the organ systems are working properly together |
homeostasis |
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the act of an individual moving into a country to live |
immigration |
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the act of an individual moving out of one region or country to live in another |
emigration |
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list the order of the Taxonomy hierarchy |
Domain |
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stretches of DNA on a chromosome, that provide information for an organisms characteristics |
genes |
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two or more different forms of a certain gene |
alleles |
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increase from generation to generation of alleles of genes that allows a species to survive in their environment |
adaptation |
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to store and transmit herditory information, a chain of nucleotides that consists of a pentose, phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base |
nucleic acid |
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a type of sugar |
pentose |
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a molecule in the backbone of DNA and RNA that links adjoining bases together |
phosphate group |
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a molecule found in RNA and DNA that encodes the genetic information in cells |
nitrogenous base |
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the genetic blue print, copies |
DNA |
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the messenger within the cell, transcripts |
RNA |
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single-celled organism lacking defined cellular organelles or nucleus |
prokaryotic |
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more complex that prokaryotic cells, some cells live as single cells but many exist as part of a larger complex of cells comprising a multi-cellular organism, numerous organelles inside the cell, each with specialized roles |
eukaryotic |
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small membrane bounded sacs withing the cytoplasm, used to transport proteins or other substances in or out of the cell |
vesicles |
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contains digestive enzymes that are capable of disposing of cellular debris |
lysosomes |
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rid the body of toxic components |
peroxisome |
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contain sections called genes, which contain information that specifies the production of proteins |
chromosomes |
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an animal or a plant in the early stages of development after fertilization |
embryo |
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mass of cells formed after an egg is fertilized and begins dividing |
zygote |
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the process of cell duplication in which 2 daughter cells receive exactly the same nuclear material as the original cell |
mitosis |
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cells that form a new organism via sexual reproduction |
gametes |
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the process carried out by green plants, green algae, and certain bacteria, in which the energy from the sunlight is trapped by the green pigment chlorophyll and used for synthesis of glucose |
photosynthesis |
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an organism that is able to produce its own food |
autotroph |
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group of 3 nucleotides on RNA or DNA that encodes for a single, specific amino acid |
codon |
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a complete set of DNA of an individual that contains all genes |
genome |
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the physical expressions of genetic traits |
phenotypes |
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an organism's underlying genetic makeup or code |
genotype |
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the study of heredity or how traits are passed on from one parent to offspring |
genetics |
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when both parents give the offspring the same allele for that particular trait |
homozygous |
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each parent gives the offspring a different allele for a particular trait for that trait |
heterozygous |
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a graphical way to show all possible combinations of alleles give the two parents genotypes |
Punnett Square |
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waves of radiation that are characterized by electric and magnetic fields |
electromagnetic waves |
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the spectrum of light is divided into bands of wavelengths ordered from short to long |
gamma ray |
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the energy of motion |
kinetic energy |
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anything that takes up space and has mass |
matter |
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quantity of matter an object has |
mass |
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substance that cannot be broken into simple types of matter |
element |
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atom with the same number of protons but differing number of neutrons |
isotopes |
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control the rate of chemical reactions, or reactions in which atoms react to come to a stable state |
catalysts |
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the chemical merging of atoms due to their electron arrangements |
chemical bonding |
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proteins that are water soluble |
globular proteins |
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sharing of electrons between atoms |
covalent bond |