Test 1 Developmental Psychology

The way in which people grow, change and stay the same throughout their lives, from conception to death.

Refers to maturation of thought processes and the tools that we have to use to obtain knowledge, become aware aware of the world around us and solves problems.

Includes changes in personality, emotions, view of oneself, social skills and interpersonal relationships with family and friends.

Those tied to chronological age, such as the age at which the average person gets married, reaches puberty, graduates high school, gets marry or has children, are also shape by the context as the normative age of each these events has shifted over the las few generations.

Continuous - slow and gradual changes throughout life. Gradual and steady changes that occurs.

Discontinuos - abrupt change sudden transformation in abilities and capacities.

Individual are shaped by their environment

inborn genetic endowments or heredity, maturational processes, and evolution as causes of developmental changes.

the view that individuals are molded by the physical and social environment in which they are raised, including the home, school, workplace, neighborhood, and social.

There are 8 stages.

1- Trust vs. Mistrust

2- Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt

3- Initiative vs. Guilt

4- Industry vs. Inferiority

5- Identify vs. Role Confusion

6- Intimacy vs. Isolation

7- Generality vs. Stagnation

8- Integrity vs. Despair

Behavior becomes more or less probable depends on its consequence

Focus on observable behavior and outside environment stimuli. Voluntary response is strengthened or weakened by association negative or positive consequences.

Jean Piaget - focus on process that allow people to know, understand and think about the world.

Human thinking is arranged in organized mental patterns that represent behaviors and actions; understanding of the world improve through assimilation and accommodation.

Views children and adults as active explores of their world, learning by interacting with their world around them. Organizing what they learn into cognitive schema, or concept, ideas and ways of interacting on the world.

Concept or frame work that organizes and interprets information.

A perspective that views thinking as information processing and posits that the mind works in a similar was to a computer because information enters, is manipulated, stored, recalled, and used to solve problems.

scientists use the term data to refer to the information that they collect when they conduct research.

Entail observing and recording behaviors displayed in a controlled environment, a situation constructed by the experimenter.

Are known as self-report measures because the person understudy answers questions about his or her experiences attitudes, opinions, beliefs, and behaviors.

Whereby each participants has an equal chance if begins assigned to the experimental or control group, is essential for ensuring that the groups are equal in all preexisting characteristics (such as age, ethnicity and gender)

combine the best features of cross-sectional and longitudinal research by assessing multiple cohort over time, enabling scientists to make comparisons that disentangle that effects of cohorts over time, enabling scientist to make comparisons that disentangle the effects of cohort and age.

requires that scientists be accurate, honest, and truthful in their work and make every effort to keep their promises to the people and communities with which they work.

Scientist have a special obligation to respect participant’s autonomy the ability to make and implement decisions

ethical codes of conduct require that researchers obtain informed concept from each participant - their informed, rational, and voluntary agreement to participate.

Although children cannot provide informed concept, researchers respect their growing capacities for decision making in ways that are appropriated to their age by seeking assent, children’s agreement to participate. May involve simply asking if he or she wants to play with the researcher and answer some questions.

There are 46 chromosome.

The brain develop raptly, and the head develop faster than the other parts of the body during the fifth week of development

Ovaries and intestines

During the seventh week, webbed fingers and toes are apparent; they separate completely by the end of the eighth weeks. A ridge called the indifferent gonad appears; it will develop into the female or male genitals, depending on the sex chromosome of the fetus

About 85% of the world’s birth defects occurs in developing countries.

Poverty

Hospitals

Over 98% of all newborns in the united states achieve a five-minute score of 7-10, indicating good heath.

About 8% of infants born in the united state each year are low birth

Thought the bodily fluids after birth. Breast feeding

Alcohol

He argued that acquiring language is a particularly important milestone for children because it enables them to think in new ways and have more sophisticated dialogues with other in their culture, advancing their learning about culturally valued perspectives and activities.

6-11

Developmentis lifelong, not just during childhood

-each of eight of development involves a‘crisis’

-crisis resolution gains a “virtue”