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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Bacteria
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prokaryotes, have no true nucleus, unicellual
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Bacteria shapes
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cocci (circle),
bacillus (oblong), vibrio (fetal) |
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Mycobacteria
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myco means waxy, thick waxy cell wall
ex: leprosy, TB |
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Mycobacterium leprae
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Leprosy
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Leprosy
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slow growing, difficult to transmit
2 forms: Tuberculoid (paucibacillary) Lepromatous (multibacillary) |
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Tuberculoid (paucibacillary)
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Leprosy: skin and nerves only, hypopigmented lesions, minor loss of sensation, may spontaneously heal
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Lepromatous (multibacillary)
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Leprosy: many skin lesions, nodules, skin, nerves, bones affected, is infectious
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Leonine facies
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Lion face, result of leprosy
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Penciling
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MP (metacarpal, phalangeal), deterioration of bone causing loss of digits; nerve damage allows for damage and infection of other bacterial attack
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King Uzziah
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King in bible, who is stuck by god and receives Leprosy: Leprosy results from sin, carnal desires, immorality
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Leprosarium
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place where lepers are sent to live separate from others
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Kalaupapa
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island of Hawaii, 1866 lepers shipped there
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Father Damien
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Belgian Catholic Priest 1873 cared for lepers at Kalaupapa Leprosarium, died 1889
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Gerhard Hansen
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norweigian doctor, 1873 identified bacillus (m. leprae) in patient, was first discovery of disease casing bacterium, idea was stolen by another
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Hansen’s disease
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– leprosy alt name honoring dr Hansen, no negative connotations
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9-banded armadillo
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only other animal affected by leprosy
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Characteristics favoring eradication
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humans are primary reservoir, cases rarely originate otherwise, if reduced enough, resurgence unlikely
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Baccilus anthracis
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rod-shaped, waxy shell; pigs, sheep, cows – lays in waste, decomposing body
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Anthrax
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can survive long period of time by spores, decades dormant (in soil or grass)
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Cutaneous anthrax
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spores enter wound on skin, most common but not fatal; kills skin tissue, blackened mass dead tissue, scar
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Inhalational anthrax
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– rare but fatal (flu-like symptoms), 1 wk or so short breath, close to 100% fatality
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Gastrointestinal anthrax
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– ingested, rarest form (in US), moderately fatal, symptoms: bloody diarrhea, adominel pain, vomiting
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Woolsorter’s disease
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industrial handling of animal byproduct, anthrax
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Robert Koch
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german physician who discovered anthrax, considered one of the founders of bacteriology
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Sverdlovsk
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– inhalation anthrax outbreak in Soviet Union affected at least 94 ppl, killed at least 64, covered up by government
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2001 bioterror in the US
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22 cases, 11 inhalation, 11 cutaneous, 7 states, 5 deaths; inside job, infectious strain (ames), milled, antistatic, lab worker suspected
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Salmonella
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10% fatality, headache, fever, abdominal pain, human disease, fecal/oral route, rare in US; prevalent in areas where health infrastructure is damaged
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Hansen’s disease
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– leprosy alt name honoring dr Hansen, no negative connotations
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9-banded armadillo
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only other animal affected by leprosy
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Characteristics favoring eradication
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humans are primary reservoir, cases rarely originate otherwise, if reduced enough, resurgence unlikely
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Baccilus anthracis
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rod-shaped, waxy shell; pigs, sheep, cows – lays in waste, decomposing body
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Anthrax
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can survive long period of time by spores, decades dormant (in soil or grass)
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Cutaneous anthrax
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spores enter wound on skin, most common but not fatal; kills skin tissue, blackened mass dead tissue, scar
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Inhalational anthrax
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– rare but fatal (flu-like symptoms), 1 wk or so short breath, close to 100% fatality
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Gastrointestinal anthrax
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– ingested, rarest form (in US), moderately fatal, symptoms: bloody diarrhea, adominel pain, vomiting
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Woolsorter’s disease
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industrial handling of animal byproduct, anthrax
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Robert Koch
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german physician who discovered anthrax, considered one of the founders of bacteriology
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Sverdlovsk
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– inhalation anthrax outbreak in Soviet Union affected at least 94 ppl, killed at least 64, covered up by government
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2001 bioterror in the US
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22 cases, 11 inhalation, 11 cutaneous, 7 states, 5 deaths; inside job, infectious strain (ames), milled, antistatic, lab worker suspected
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Salmonella
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10% fatality, headache, fever, abdominal pain, human disease, fecal/oral route, rare in US; prevalent in areas where health infrastructure is damaged
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William Budd
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1811-1880, English doctor, contra miasma theory, believed person to person, early contagionist-rural doctor
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George Soper
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hired to investigate Mary Mallon
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Typhoid Mary
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Irish cook in NYC, quarantined twice, caused families she worked for to come down with typhoid, was carrier: invaded biliary tract, excretes through feces, didn’t wash hands
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Cholera
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acute diarrheal disease usually accompanied by vomiting, produces extreme dehydration with high rate of mortality
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Vibrio cholerae
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bacillus shaped like a coma with flagellum, seen in excreta and intestinal contents of cholera victims
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Filippo Pacini
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saw cholera in excreta and intestinal contents of cholera victims and documented it 1854, in Florence; still holds name Vibrio by Pacini, did not make big impact then
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Robert Koch
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during 5th pandemic 1881-1896 conducted research in Calcutta and Alexandria led to identification and isolation of causative bacterium
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Plague
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14th century plague evolved from pneumonic to bubonic within changing seasons
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Yersinia pestis
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bacillus lives in bloodstream of animal or stomach of flea, how plague is spread
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Bubonic plague
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disease attacking lymph nodes, bubos develop on groin, armpit, neck, subcutaneous hemorrhaging, poisons nervous system
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Septicemic plague
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transmitted by insects, blood is infected w/ bacillus, victim dead before buboes form, rarest of 3 interwoven diseases that make up black death, as lethal as pneumonic
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Plague pneumonia
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– 2nd form, attacked lungs, nearly 100% fatality, killed more quickly, most infectious of trio
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Buboes
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size of almond, sometimes an orange, found in groin, armpit, neck
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Black death
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consists of 3 plague/disease, 14th century killed 1/3 of Europe population, evolved from pneumonic to bubonic within changing seasons
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Epizootic
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– disease that spread among animals and humans
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Brotherhood of the Flagellants
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religious brotherhood taken to beating themselves bloody with whips to atone for sins
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Influenza
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RNA virus, single-stranded, 8 strands; was first thought to be caused by mal aligned stars/planets, astronomy
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