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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is formed when fatty acids are oxidized in the mitochondria (i.e., what is the end product of beta-oxidation)?
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acetyl-CoA
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As kidney function declines, serum creatinine may:
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increase
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What is the etiology of pernicious anemia?
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decreased intrinsic factor
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Under the influence of insulin, which of the following pathways is increased?
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Glycogenesis
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Which organ synthesizes the hormone glucagon
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pancreas
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Sunil finished his evening meal of curried chicken, rice, fruit, salad, cookies, and tea about 30 minutes ago. Which of the following best describes what is happening?
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His blood concentration of insulin exceeds that of glucagon.
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Why are skeletal muscle cells able to take up glucose without insulin during exercise?
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Muscle contractions can activate movement of glucose transporters from the cytoplasm to the cell membrane.
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When blood calcium concentration is low the _____ releases _____ in order to raise blood calcium levels.
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parathyroid gland, PTH
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The parathyroid glands are small endocrine glands in the neck of humans and other tetrapods that produce
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parathyroid hormone.
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Which body water reservoir is made up of plasma and interstitial fluid
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Extracellular
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. Which of the following foods are the best sources of the major minerals?
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Seafood, meat, and dairy products
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What is the primary site for the absorption of major minerals?
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Small intestine
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What hormone is released by some gastric cells when there is food in your stomach?
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Gastrin
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In the first phase of intestinal triglyceride digestion, large lipid molecules are dispersed into smaller lipid droplets called _____ so that they will not separate out into an oily layer and thus can be further digested.
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Micelles
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What substance stimulates the pancreas to release pancreatic lipase?
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Secretin
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What hormone stimulates the gallbladder to contract and release bile into the duodenum?
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Cholecystokinin (CCK)
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The metabolic process used by the body to synthesize nonessential amino acids is called _____.
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Transamination
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People born with an inborn error of metabolism called PKU cannot convert phenylalanine to _____.
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Tyrosine
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Which of the following types of anemia is caused by a single error in the amino acid sequence of hemoglobin?
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Sickle cell
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The body produces _____ from fatty acids when its supply of glucose is limited.
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ketones
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Because lipids are not water soluble, they require _____ to facilitate their circulation in the body.
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Phospholipids
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In order for short- and medium-chain fatty acids to be circulated away from the small intestine in the blood, they are first bound to _____.
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albumin
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Which lipoprotein do intestinal cells synthesize in order to circulate long-chain fatty acids away from the gastrointestinal tract?
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Chylomicrons
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The body stores glycogen primarily in the _____ and _____.
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liver and skeletal muscles
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Amy got up late this morning so she skipped breakfast and went straight to her soccer practice. Which fuel source is her body relying upon to supply the glucose that her brain needs to function?
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liver glycogen
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What is the name of the process in which certain vitamins and/or minerals are added to select foods such as rice, flour, bread and rolls, and farina in amounts suggested by the FDA?
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Enrichment
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Which vitamins must be added to a food for it to be labeled "enriched"?
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Thiamin, niacin, riboflavin, and folate |
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Which of the following is the coenzyme form of thiamin?
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TPP
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What disease is characterized by severe muscle wasting, leg cramps, tenderness, and decreased feeling in the feet and toes?
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Dry beriberi |
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What vitamin assists in reduction-oxidation reactions, as well as several reactions that protect biological membranes from oxidative damage?
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Riboflavin
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The vitamin deficiency _____ is characterized by cheilosis, stomatitis, glossitis, muscle weakness, and confusion.
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Ariboflavinosis
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The amino acid tryptophan can be converted to:
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Niacin
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Which vitamin is needed to make NAD+ and NADP+?
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Niacin
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The symptoms of _____ are often referred to as the four D’s: dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea, and death.
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Pellagra
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What is the coenzyme form of pantothenic acid?
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Coenzyme A
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"Burning feet syndrome" is thought to be due to what vitamin deficiency?
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Pantothenic acid
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Which vitamin is required by the enzyme that converts pyruvate to oxaloacetate, a key step in gluconeogenesis?
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Biotin
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Which vitamins are required for the production of methionine from homocysteine
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Folate and vitamin B12
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A folate deficiency can be characterized by:
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megaloblastic, macrocytic anemia
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It is recommended that adults consume 400 g (DFE) of folate daily. How does this recommendation change when a woman becomes pregnant?
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Increases to 600 g (DFE) of folate daily
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What nutrient can be produced in the body from the amino acids methionine and lysine?
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Carnitine
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What happens to retinal in the enterocyte?
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it is esterified
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Immediately following a balanced meal that contained vitamin E (such as fortified milk), where would you most likely find most of the vitamin E in the body?
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in chylomicrons in the lymphatic vessels and general circulation - Chylomicrons are lipoprotein particles that consist of triglycerides (85–92%), phospholipids (6–12%), cholesterol (1–3%), and proteins (1–2%). They transport dietary lipids from the intestines to other locations in the body.
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Which of the fat-soluble vitamins is consumed in the form of phylloquinone from plant foods
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Vitamin K
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What happens when blood calcium is high?
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The thyroid gland releases a hormone called calcitonin
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Low-salt foods must have:
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less than 140 mg of sodium per serving
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Saccharomyces boulardii is used therapeutically for
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diarrhea
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Which of the following is a type of phytoestrogen?
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Genistein
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The essential fatty acids that must be derived from the diet are:
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Linoleic and alpha-linoleic acid
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Which type of malnutrition is characterized by a "skin and bones-like" appearance without the presence of severe edema?
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Marasmus
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The difference between glycemic index and glycemic load is that glycemic load accounts for the _____.
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amount of carbohydrate in a typical serving
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Bleeding gums may be a sign of:
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vitamin C
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C-reactive protein (CRP):
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Monitors metabolic stress
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A routine urine analysis can assess which of the following:
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Glucose, pH, protein, specific gravity
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The study of how nutrition and genetics interact to influence health is called _____.
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Nutrigenomics
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The best description of the nutrition care process is:
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a systematic problem-solving method that nutritionists use for critical thinking and decision making to address nutrition related problems and provide safe and effective quality nutrition care
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Nutrition screening is best described as:
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the process of identifying key characteristics to quickly identify individuals who are malnourished or at nutrition risk and determining if a more detailed assessment is warranted
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All of the following are visceral blood markers of the body except
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glucose
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Which of the following is a more informative predictive of cardiovascular death? |
Total cholesterol to HDL ratio
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Which is true of serum albumin lab tests?
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Is more sensitive indicator than serum tranferrin tests
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A complete blood analysis (CBC) includes:
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Hematocrit, creatinine (kidney disease or disfuntion), sodium, potassium
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A comprehensive chemistry blood test includes:
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Glucose, BUN, creatinine, albumin, sodium
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The ability of the cells to take up LDL particles may be influenced by mutations in the genes that code for _____.
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LDL receptor proteins
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Nicole has kidney disease. Her blood levels of which minerals are likely to be disrupted because her kidneys cannot regulate their levels in her blood as they normally would?
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Magnesium calcium, phosphorous
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A 72-year-old woman with a history of increased water intake and increased blood pressure (155/95 mmHg) is presented. The physician started the patient on hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg/day. Three weeks later the patient developed gait instability. Laboratory investigation showed hyponatremia (serum sodium 128 mEq/L, urea 15 mg/dL, creatinine 0.9 mg/dL). Which of the following statements are correct?
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. Serum uric acid levels can help in the diagnosis of the pathogenetic mechanisms of hyponatremia (diuretic-induced hypovolemia versus SIADH)
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People with cystic fibrosis have significant respiratory difficulties and may have profound digestive complications because a genetic defect results in the inability to pump which ions across cell membranes?
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Chloride
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Overconsumption of antacids, such as Rolaids or Maalox, can:
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Weaken bones by hindering their mineral uptake
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Excessive use of the laxative mineral oil can deplete the body of
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vitamin d
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Large doses of zinc can interfere with the absorption of
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Iron, Copper and Calcium
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A common indicator of Gastric acid insufficiency is:?
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Chronic Halitosis
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Which of the following microorganisms is anaerobic, symptoms occur after 8-18 hours including nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea? It is also called the cafeteria bug.
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Clostridium perfringens
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The end products of bacterial fermentation of malabsorbed carbohydrate are
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Short chain fatty acids, hydrogen and carbon dioxide
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Osteocalocin depends on which vitamin for synthesis
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vitamin K
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What percentage of people 50 years of age and older have osteoporosis as estimated by the National Osteoporosis Foundation
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55%
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is when the kidneys produce too much hydrogen or retain to much hydrogen which leads to an increase in carbonic acid production. Or the kidneys may excrete to much base.
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Metabolic acidosis
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Vegetables with thiols are considered to be the most protective against cancer. Thiols are found in
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the cabbage family |
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Aspirin taken on a regular basis -- say, by an arthritis or heart patient -- can deplete the body of:
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iron
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To be able to recommend nutrition management to a patient with end-stage renal disease who is on hemodialysis, a nutritionist needs information about the:
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Serum potassium level
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. Information regarding the prevalence of nutrition-related health problems can be found in
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NHANES III
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Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) is traditionally used for the following condition
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constipation
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The most common cause of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is: |
kidney stones
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Physiological disturbances of anorexia may include: |
Osteopenia Hypothryroidism Hypercortisolism |
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What are the 6 purposes of medical records?
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medical, legal, communication, financial, historical, evaluation
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The following are proper guidelines to medical record documentation except
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blue pen
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A large group of people experience acute gastroenteritis 4-6 hours after eating custard pie. Which bacteria is most likely the culprit?
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Staphylococcus aureus
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HACCP is a(n)______________designed to prevent ___________ from occurring
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Food-safety program, foodborne illness
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What is the most common fish toxin-related food poisoning in the United States
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Ciguatera
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Food considered high-risk for contributing to foodborne illness include those that are_____________.
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High in protein and water
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