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127 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Figure 8 Knot |
stopper knot used to keep lines from running through a pulley or shiv |
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Square Knot |
used to tie the two lines of the same diameter together |
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Bowline Knot |
a non-slip loop used to raise and lower lighting instruments |
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Clove Hitch |
used to tie a line to a pipe |
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Dimmer |
electrical device that controls the intensity of a light source connected to it |
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Control Board |
console containing controls for a number of dimmers |
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Cable |
electrical extension cord used to connect instruments to dimmers or instruments to dimmers or instruments to permanent stage circuits |
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Instuments |
lighting fixtures designed for use in the theatre |
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Color Media |
plastic or glass materials used to color the light emitted by lighting instruments |
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Lighting Designer |
person responsible for the appearance of the lighting during the production |
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Production Concept |
creative interpretation of the script that will unify the artistic vision of the production design team |
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Focus |
location onstage where the light from an instrument is directed |
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Douser |
mechanical dimmer with movable slats or an iris to block or allow light to pass |
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Light Cue |
some type of action involving lighting |
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Followspot |
lighting instrument with a high intensity, narrow beam of light; mounted on a stand that allows it to tilt and swivel so that the beam can follow the actor |
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Moving Light Fixture |
lighting fixture that can be remotely controlled to move, change color/beam shape, and so forth (aka. intelligent light fixture) |
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Production Design Team |
the producer, director, and scenic, costumes, lighting, and sound designers, who develop the visual and aural concept for the production |
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Unit Set |
single set in which all the play's locations are always visible and the audience's attention is usually shifted by alternately lighting various parts of the set |
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Sidelight |
any light striking the side of an object relative to the view of the observer |
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Kinetic |
having to do with moving light |
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Lighting Production Team |
personnel who work on lighting for a production |
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Repertory Theatre |
company that presents several different plays alternately in one theater in the course of a season; adjustments are normally made to the focus and color of the lighting instruments for each play each time it is performed |
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Changeover |
changing from one play to another in a repertory theater situation; involves exchanging sets, costumes, and properties and making adjustments to lighting and sound |
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Look |
appearance of a particular cue; the way the light looks onstage |
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Senographic Designer |
designer responsible for the entire artistic look of a production (scenery, costumes, lighting) |
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Hanging |
process of placing the lighting instruments in their specified location |
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Circuiting |
process of connecting a lighting instrument to its specific circuit |
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Running |
controlling or operating some aspect of a production |
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Pipe |
counterweighted batten or fixed metal pipe that holds lighting instruments or equipment |
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Boom |
vertical pipe with a heavy base frequently equipped with horizontal crossbars; used as a hanging position for lighting instruments |
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Lamp |
"light bulbs" used in stage lighting instruments |
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Patch |
connect a stage circuit to a dimmer circuit (hard patch) or dimmer to a channel (soft patch) |
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Gel |
insert color media in a color frame and place on a lighting instrument; color media made from gelatin or plastic |
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Light Board |
generic term used to describe all types of lighting control consoles |
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Cue |
directive for action; change in the lighting |
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Fade |
increase (fade-up) or decrease (fade-out) the intensity of the light |
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Patch Panel |
inter-connecting device that allows you to connect any stage circuit into any dimmer |
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Repatch |
remove one circuit from the dimmer and replace it with another during a performance |
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Mask |
block the audience's view |
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Lens Train |
one or more lenses, placed at a specific distance from the source to create the desired angle of dispersion of the light |
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Focal Length |
distance from the lens at which the light rays converge into a point |
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Diffuse |
soften the appearance of the light by using a translucent filtering element to scatter the rays |
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Conventional |
describes instruments that are not moving light fixtures |
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Bulb |
Pyrex glass or synthetic quartz container for a lamp filament and gaseous environment |
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Filament |
light-producing element of a lamp, usually made of tungsten wire |
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Open Arc |
light source in which the two electrodes operate in the open air |
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Microwatt |
one millionth of a watt |
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Dielectric Material |
material that is a poor conductor of electricity but a good supporter of electrostatic fields; help focus the RF energy on the scaled bulb |
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Full Spectrum |
containing all the colors of light in approximately the same proportions as sunlight |
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Footcandle |
international unit of illumination; equals one lumen of light falling on a surface area of one square foot |
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Throw Distance |
how far light from an instrument travels from its hanging position to the center of its area of focus |
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Point Source |
theoretically- a light emanates from a single point that has no dimension |
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Efficient |
a comparison of the intensity of light emitted by the lamp with the intensity of light emitted by the instrument |
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Plano-convex Spotlight |
archaic instrument with a relatively hard-edged light quality; uses a plano-convex lens |
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PAR |
parabolic aluminized reflector; sealed beam lamp with a parabolic shaped reflector covered by a thin, reflective, aluminum coating |
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Dichroic Filter |
reflects unwanted wavelengths of light while allowing the desired wavelengths to pass through the filter |
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Zoom Eclipse |
ellipsoidal reflector spotlight with movable lenses that allow the focal length to be changed |
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Beam Angle |
point where the light emitted by an instrument is diminished by 50% compared to the output of the center of the beam |
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Field Angle |
point where a fixture's light output diminishes to 10% of the output of the center of its beam |
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Flat |
beam of light, the output of which is essentially smooth from edge to edge when measured perpendicular to the axis of the beam |
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Peak |
beam of light, the output of which has a noticeable hot spot in its center when measured perpendicular to the axis of the beam; reading taken at the center of the hotspot |
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Shutter Cut |
straight-line edge created when an ERS's shutter is inserted into its beam of light |
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Color Frame |
lightweight metal holder for color media that fits in a holder at the front of a lighting instrument |
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Gobo |
thin metal template inserted into an ellipsoidal reflector spotlight to project a shadow pattern of light |
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Dremel Tool |
handheld router similar to a dentist's drill, which can be equipped with a number of bits for grinding, cutting, or carving of wood, plastic, and metal |
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Iris |
device with movable overlapping metal plates used with an ellipsoidal reflector spotlight to change the size of the circular pattern of light |
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Barn Door |
accessory for a fresnel spotlight whose movable flippers are swung into the beam to control in |
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Top Hat |
accessory for a fresnel spotlight that masks the beam to create a smaller circular pattern of light; prevents flare and spill |
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Cyclorama |
large expanse of cloth or drop used to surround the stage (aka. cyc) |
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Roundel |
glass color medium for use with spotlights; has diffusing properties |
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Shutter |
lever-actuated device used to control the height of the top and bottom edges of a followspot beam (aka. chopper) |
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Transformer |
changes the voltage in a electrical system |
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Step-down Transformer |
output voltage is lower than its input voltage |
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Overhung |
lighting fixture that is "standing up" on a pipe |
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Underhung |
hung beneath |
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Tab Pipe |
pipe in the wings, running downstage to upstage; often used for hanging masking and/or lighting equipment |
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Dead-hung |
anything suspended directly from the grid without an mechanical means of raising or lowering it |
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Grid |
pattern of metal beams above the stage to which the flying system is attached |
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Pin Rail |
catwalk |
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Proscenium Stage |
the spectators watch the action through a rectangular opening that resembles a picture frame |
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Thrust Stage |
projection into and surrounded on three sides by the audience |
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Arena Stage |
completely surrounded by the audience |
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Aircraft Cable |
strong, flexible, multistrand, twisted metal cable; breaking strength of one ton |
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First Ante-proscenium (AP) Cut |
hanging position for lighting instruments closest to the proscenium arch (aka. beamport) |
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Third Pipe |
third batten upstage of the proscenium arch that holds lighting instruments |
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Rental House |
business that rents stage lighting equipment |
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Gaffer's Tape |
cloth tape |
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Two-fer |
electrical Y that has female receptacles at the top of the Y and a male plug at the bottom leg of the Y; used to connect two instruments to the same circuit |
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Work Light |
lighting fixture, frequently a scoop, PAR, or other wide-field-angle instrument, hung over the stage to facilitate work |
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Multicable |
number of individual conductors enclosed in a single heavy-duty cable |
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Load-in |
physically moving the scenery and show equipment into the production location |
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Load-out |
physically moving the scenery and show equipment out of the production location |
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Socapex Connection |
19-pin connector used with multicables |
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Breakout |
used to "break" the individual circuits inside the multicable into individual cables equipped with female receptacles |
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Breakin |
used to consolidate the male-plugged individual circuits into a female Socapex connector that is connected to a multicable |
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Drop Box |
small connecting strip containing four to eight circuits |
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Wall Pocket |
connecting box similar to a floor pocket but mounted in the wall |
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Floor Pocket |
connecting box mounted flush with the stage floor |
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Legitimate Theatre |
plays that rely on the spoken word to convey their message |
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Concert |
touring rock and country shows |
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Club |
night clubs in which high energy music is the prime attraction |
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Pan |
to rotate horizontally |
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Tilt |
to rotate vertically |
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Show Rig |
fixtures used on a lighting design |
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Daisy Chain |
to connect one another in a continuous line |
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Profile |
fade profile is a linear, graphic representation of a fade |
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Zoom |
widening and narrowing of the cone of light emitted by the instrument |
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Effect Lens |
specialty lenses mounted on a gobo wheel or an effect wheel |
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Prismatic Lens |
surface pr interior of the glass is scored or beveled to create the desired effect |
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Flag |
inserted into a beam of light to color, shape, or dim light |
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Strepper Motor |
electric motor whose movement consists of discrete angular steps rather than continuous rotation |
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Relay |
electro-mechanical device in which the low-voltage circuits is used to control the opening and/or closing of contacts in a high-voltage on/off system |
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Heat Sink |
metal device used to draw heat away from heat-sensitive electronics and vent it to the air without the use of fans |
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Fog |
generated smoke effect that typically dissipates relatively quickly |
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Haze |
generated smoke effect that typically lasts longer than fog |
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Fog Fluid |
specialized liquid, normally composed of glycol and various additives, used in fog or haze generators |
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Truss |
engineered structure suspended above the stage or auditorium, used as a hanging position for lighting equipment |
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Truss Tower System |
truss supported on both ends by towers |
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4 Functions of Lighting |
-Visibility -Focus -Mood/Atmosphere -Modeling |
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Intensity Equation |
I=1/D^2 I= Intensity D= Distance |
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Problems with Plano Convex Leses |
-Hard Edge (can't blend) -Blue Halo -Lenses break when too close to lamp |
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Problems with Fresnel Lenses |
-Permanently soft edge |
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Pros and Cons of Parcan |
Pros -inexpensive Cons -not a lot of control |
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Pros of Cyc |
-Throws wide beam of light over a short distance |
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Tungsten Halogen Lamp |
-no more sooty look on the inside of the bulb -longer lamp life -most common |
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Pros and Cons for Encapsulated Arc Lamps |
Pros -Blue White Light (less amber than Tungston Cons -Not electrically dimable -Needs minimum amount of electricity to make spark -Can't be switch on and off quickly |
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Pros and Cons of LED (Light Emitting Diods) |
Pros -lowest maintenance -long lasting -can directly change color -don't get hot -more light for the power Cons -more supernatural lighting -issues with color spectrum |