Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the largest portion of the brain?
|
The cerebrum
|
|
How is the cerebrum divided?
|
Left and right cerebral hemisphere
|
|
What is the cerebrum dividing structure called?
|
The longitudinal fissure
|
|
What are the smaller subdivisions, beyond hemispheres, of the cerebrum called?
|
Lobes
|
|
Where is the diencephalon located?
|
Between the cerebral hemispheres and the brain stem.
|
|
What portion of the brain do the thalmus and hypothalmus reside?
|
The diencephalon
|
|
What portions of the brain does the brain stem connect?
|
The cerebrum and the diencephalon with the spinal cord.
|
|
What is the three portions of the the brain stem called and where are the in respect to each other?
|
1) The mid-brain is the superior portion
2) the pons is the mid-portion 3) The lowest portion is medulla oblongata |
|
What is the 'foramen magnum'?
|
A large opening at the base of the skull where the medulla connects with the spinal cord.
|
|
What does 'cerebellum' mean and where is it?
|
- 'Littel brain'
- Below the posterior part of the cerebral hemispheres |
|
What connects the cerebellum to the rest of the brain and where does it connects?
|
1) Pons
2) The cerebrum, brain stem and spinal cord |
|
What is the 'meninges'?
|
Layer of connective tissue around the brain and spinal cord to form a complete enclosure
|
|
Describe the layers of the meninges.
|
There are three layers:
1) The outermost is called Dura Mater 2) The middle layer is Arachnoid 3) The third innermost is called Pia Mater |
|
What is CSF and where is it and what is its purpose?
|
1) CerebroSpinal Fluid
2) Located in the subarachnoid space 3) Cushion and chock absorber, distributes nutrients and gets rid of waste products |
|
Where is the crebrospinal fluid produced?
|
In the choroid plexus of the four ventricles
|
|
How is CSF produced?
|
By filtration of blood and by cell secretion
|
|
What are the lobes of the cerebrum?
|
Frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital
|
|
What is the white matter called that relays information within CNS?
|
Corpus Callosum
|
|
What are the peaks and valleys called in the cerebral cortex?
|
Peak = Gyri
Valley = Sulci |
|
Name two prominent valleys in the cerebral cortex?
|
The central sulci and the lateral sulci
|
|
What are 'basal nuclei'? Where are they and what is their purpose?
|
1. Gray matter located deep within each hemisphere - groups of neurons
2. They control facial muscles and body movement |
|
What are the 3 functions of the frontal lobe?
|
1.Motor
2.Speech 3.complex problem solving |
|
What are the 2 functions of the parietal lobe?
|
1. Sensory
2. Estimation of size, distance |
|
What are the 2 functions of the temporal lobe?
|
1.Auditory
2. Olfactory |
|
What are the 2 functions of the occipital lobe?
|
1. Visual input
2. Visual association |
|
What is the 'cerebral cortex'? Where is it and what does it do?
|
The layer of gray matter forms the surface of each cerebrum hemisphere; receiving and analyzing nerve impulses. Specifically association, judgment and discrimination, conscious deliberation and voluntary actions.
|
|
What function does the 'thalmus' serve?
|
Sorts incoming impulses and and sends to appropriate areas - gate keeper or mail room
|
|
What 3 functions does the 'hypothalmus' serve?
|
1.Controls ANS to regulate homeostasis
2.Controls pituitary gland and endocrine functions 3.Controls body temperature, hunger and thirst |
|
What's the 'mammalian' brain?
|
The diencephalon
|
|
What's the 'reptilian' brain?
|
The brain stem
|
|
What 3 functions does the 'limbic system' serve?
|
1, Emotional states and behavior
2. Learning and long term memory 3. Links functions between cerebral cortex and brain stem |
|
Where is the 'limbic system'?
|
Between cerebrum and diencephalon
|
|
What 2 functions does the 'midbrain' serve?
|
Reflex centers for eye tracking and hearing
|
|
What function does the 'pons' serve?
|
Bridge connecting cerebellum and rest of nervous system
|
|
What function does the 'medulla oblongata' serve?
|
Controlling base respiration, heart rate and blood pressure
|
|
What function does the 'cerebellum' serve?
|
Controls balance, coordination and muscle tone
|
|
How many Cranial nerve pairs are there? And what are the four categories?
|
12 pairs
1. Special sensory impulses 2. General sensory impulses 3. Somatic motor impulses 4. Visceral motor impulses |
|
What is the 3 'V' cranial nerve functions and name?
|
Trigeminal -
Eye, teeth sensory and chewing motor |
|
What is the function of 'VII' cranial nerve and name?
|
Facial -
muscles of facial expression |
|
What is the 'X' cranial nerve characteristics and name?
|
Vagus -
Longest cranial nerve Supplies many thoracic and abdominal organd and glands that produce digestive secretions |
|
What is the 'XI' cranial nerve and name?
|
Accessory -
Innervates SCM and Trapezius |
|
What does 'sensation' mean?
|
Aware of stimulus
|
|
What does ' perception' mean?
|
Interpretation of stimulus
|
|
Name all the 5 sensory receptors and the functional area.
|
1. Chemoreceptor - smell, taste
2. Photoreseptor - light 3. Thermoreceptor - temperature 4. Mechanoreceptor - movement 5. Nocioreceptor - pain and cell death |
|
Explain difference between General and Special senses.
|
Special: vision, hearing, taste, smell
General: pressure, temperature, touch, pain, position |
|
Name five pain relieving neurochemicals increased due to massage?
|
Dopamine, endorphins, enkephalins, oxytocin and serotonin
|
|
Due to massage, what does decreased 'cortisol' do?
|
Allows us to better tolerate stress
|
|
Due to massage, what does decreased 'substance P' do?
|
A neurotransmitter that triggers pain response
It is part of Chronic Fatigue syndrome and Fibromyalgia |