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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Cell
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Basic unit of structure and function in living things.
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Microscope
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An instrument that makes small objects look larger.
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Organelle
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Tiny cell structures that carry out specific functions within the cell.
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Cell membrane
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Forms the outside boundary that separates the cell from its environment.
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Cell wall
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Rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms.
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Nucleus
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Cell structure that contains nucleic acids, the chemical instructions that direct all the cell’s activities.
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Mitochondria
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Rod-shaped cell structures that convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions.
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Ribosome
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A small grain-like structure in the cytoplasm of a cell where proteins are made.
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Chloroplast
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A structure in the cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food.
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Element
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Any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
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Compound
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Two or more elements that are chemically combined.
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Carbohydrate
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Energy-rich organic compound, such as a sugar or a starch, that is made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
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Lipid
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Energy-rich organic compound, such as fat, oil, or wax, that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
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Protein
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Large organic molecule made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur.
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Amino acid
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A small molecule that is linked chemically to other amino acids to form proteins.
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Enzyme
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A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing.
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Nucleic acid
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Very large organic molecule made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus, that contains the instructions cells need to carry out all the functions of life.
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Selectively permeable
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A property of cell membranes that allows some substances to pass through, while others cannot.
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Diffusion
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The process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration. |
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Osmosis
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The diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane.
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Passive transport
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The movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy.
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Active transport
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The movement of materials through a cell membrane using cellular energy.
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Photosynthesis
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The process by which plants and some other organisms capture energy in sunlight and use it to make food.
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Respiration
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The process by which cells break down simple food molecules to release the energy they contain.
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Fermentation
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The process by which cells break down molecules to release energy without using oxygen.
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Cell cycle
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The regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo.
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Mitosis
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The stage of the cell cycle curing which the cell’s nucleus divides into two new nuclei and one copy of the DNA is distributed into each daughter cell.
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Chromosome
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A double rod of condensed chromatin; contains DNA that carries genetic information
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Interphase
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The stage of the cell cycle that takes place before cell division occurs.
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Cytokinesis
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The final stage of the cell cycle, in which the cell’s cytoplasm divides, distributing the organelles into each of the two new cells
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