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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What was England's position in Europe like in 1485? |
- France - traditional old enemy who controlled the northern border (not Calais) - Scotland - Auld Alliance - Spain - new emerging power - Netherlands - cloth trade |
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What was the government of England like in 1485? |
- Parliament was only called upon when funds were needed - wars - The court moved with the king - The king relied on nobles and senior churchman - Privy Council |
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What was Henry Tudor like? |
- Lived in exile in France for 14 years - He had a very weak claim to the throne - His invasion was aided by the French |
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What were the War of the Roses? |
- Battle between the two families with claimants to the throne - Lancastrians and Yorkists - The struggle started because of instability |
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What was the battle of Bosworth? |
- August 1485 Henry defeats Richard III - Unlikely win 5,000 v 15,000 - Yorkists (Duke of Norfolk, Earl of Northumberland) versus Lancastrians ( Stanley brothers) - Stanley intervention increased numbers by 3,000 men - Most of Richard's army fled |
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Why was there so much unrest at the beginning of Henry VII rule? |
- He had gained the throne through battle, which could encourage others - Henry had a very weak claim to the throne - His throne was likely to be challenged by the Yorkist threat |
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How did Henry VII attempt to secure his position on the throne? |
- Date the start of his reign from the day before Bosworth (anyone who fought against him were therefore traitors) - Henry asked for Papal Dispensation to allow him to marry Elizabeth of York |
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Why was Henry VII's position still insecure? |
- A large number of Yorkists with a better claim to the throne (Earl of Warwick and John de la Pole) - There were Yorkists who did not accept Henry as the new king of England - His years of exile meant he had little support in England |
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What was the LOVELL Conspiracy? 1486 (little threat) |
- Henry embarked on a royal progress through the north, where Yorkist support was strong - Unrest came from dissatisfied Yorkists who supported Richard - Henry heard about the rebellion and sent an armed force who offered the rebels reconciliation or execution |
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What was the YORKSHIRE rebellion? 1489 |
- Yorkshire had suffered from bad harvests in 1488 - Henry tried to tax people in Yorkshire to raise money to aid Brittany - Earl of Northumberland was murdered during tax collection - The rebellion was led by Sir John Ergemont - The rising was easily crushed by the royal army, however it showed that royal authority was weak. |
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What was the CORNISH rebellion? 1497 ( most serious threat ) |
- James IV sough to aid Perkin Warbeck and invade the north of England - The cornish had little interest in paying taxes for a war so geographically seperated - The rebellion attracted 15,000 people and attracted one noble, Lord Audley - 25,000 men crushed the rebellion |
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What was the Simnel Rebellion? 1486-47 (claimed to be Earl of Warwick) |
- In Ireland, he was crowned Edward VI - Received support from Margaret of Burgundy - money and 2000 merceneries - Rebellion led by Lord Lovell and Earl of Kildare - Henry showed the real Warwick in London showing Simnel as an imposter - Simnel-captured, Kildare-killed and Lovell fled - Consequently led to the Battle of Stoke |
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What was the Warbeck rising? 1491-49 (claimed to be Richard of York) |
- Both Scotland and France could use Warbeck to undermine Henry VII position - He failed to get support in Ireland - Henry could not expose Warbeck as a fraud as Richard of York had been killed in the tower - He moved to France where he was joined by 100 Yorkist supporters - He then moved to Flanders with Margaret - Henry imposed a trade embargo on Burgundy as they had supported Warbeck - Warbeck was later welcomed in Scotland where married to James IV cousin (provided Warbeck with 1500 troops to invade England) - Warbeck failed to get support in Northern England so retreated to Scotland, however James IV had married his cousin off to Henry's daughter, Margaret - Lasted so long due to foreign support |
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Was Henry VII ever secure from Yorkist threat?
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- Although the Earl of Warwick and Warbeck were executed, there still remained Edmund de la Pole (nearest Yorkist claimant) - 1502 and 1503, Arthur and Elizabeth died weakening the Tudor dynasty |
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Who was Edmund de la Pole (Suffolk) and how did he cause Henry VII problems?
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- Next strongest Yorkist claimant and had support from Maximillian - Fled in 1501 - Maximillian helped de la Pole through shelter, and promising to always help the Yorkist heirs of Edward IV - Henry gave Maximillian £10,000, however he made no move to expel the de la Poles - 1505 Henry stopped all trade with HRE - Phillip was sailing to get the Spanish throne but winds blew him on to the English coast - Phillip surrendered Suffolk to Henry |
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How great a problem were the nobility for Henry VII? (significant problem)
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- Henry was a usurper - nothing preventing a powerful noble overthrowing him - Many nobles owned land (Stanley's - NW) - Henry needed help and advice to govern as had lived in exile - He needed loyalty as many supported Richard III as they had gained rewards from him - Many nobles were killed during WOTR |
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