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95 Cards in this Set
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- Back
Paracetamol
(Panadol, Panamax) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C:Non-opioid analgesic
I:Pain, fever MoA: Unknown D: 1-2 qid prn m8 (1g qid) AE: increased aminotransferases P: urticaria, hypersensitivity, liver failure Sx L: pain management. compresses, RICE |
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*******Codeine
(Linctus) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: opioid analgesic
I: mild to moderate pain MoA: mimic endog opioids, activate opioid receptors which produce analgesia etc D: 30-60mg q4h max 240mg/24h AE: N/V/C, drowsiness P: sedation and hard to rouse, difficulty breathing, shallow breathing, anaphylaxis (allergy) L: high doses = prevent constipation, pain lifestyle e.g. RICE warm pack, cold pack |
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Tramadol
(Tramal, Zydol) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Opioid analgesic
I: Mod to severe pain MoA: mimic endog opioids, activate opioid receptors which produce analgesia etc D: 50-100mg q6-4h max 400mg/d AE: N,V,C, drowsiness P: sedation and hard to rouse, difficulty breathing, shallow breathing, anaphylaxis (allergy) L: high doses = prevent constipation, pain lifestyle e.g. RICE warm pack, cold pack |
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Oxycodone
(Oxycontin CR, Endone IR) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Opioid analgesic
I: Mod to severe pain MoA: Mimic endogenous opioids, activate opioid receptors which produce analgesia etc D: IR- 5-15mg q4-6h, CR-total daily dose bd AR: N/V/C, drowsiness P: Sedation and hard to rouse, difficulty breathing, shallow breathing, anaphylaxis (allergy) L: high doses = prevent constipation, pain lifestyle incl pain specialist |
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Morphine
(MS Contin, Ordine) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
Class: Opioid analgesic
Indication: Mod to severe pain MoA: mimic endogenous opioids, activate opioid receptors which produce analgesia etc Dose: titrate dose to patients needs AE: N/V/C, drowsiness P: sedation and hard to rouse, difficulty breathing, shallow breathing, anaphylaxis (allergy) L: high doses = prevent constipation, pain lifestyle |
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Amoxycillin
(Amoxil) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Penicillin
I: chronic bronchitis, acute bacterial otitis media, sinusitis, CAP MoA: Inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis D: 250-500mg tds or 1g bd; 7.5-25mg/kg tds (up to 80-90mg/kg/day) AE: GI Sx, rash/hypersensitivity P: allergic hypersensitivity reaction L: plenty of water, rest, paracetamol for fever, probiotics (2h after antibiotics) |
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Cephalexin
(Keflex, Ialex) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Cephalosporin
I: UTIs, Staph and strep for pts with mild-mod Pc allergy MoA: interfere bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis --> cell lysis D: (A) 250-500mg qid or 500-1000mg qid/bd; UTI Px 250mg n ; UTI Tx 500mg bd. (C) 6.5-12.5-25 mg/kg/dose q6h AE: D/N/V, rash headache; blood dyscrasias; anaphylaxis P: anaphylaxis/severe diarrhoea, L: UTI -drink enough water daily, wipe back to front |
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Amoxycillin with Clavulanic Acid
(Augmentin Duo, Moxiclav Duo) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Pc/clavulanic acid
I: HAP, UTI, Otitis media, acute bacterial sinusitis MoA: interfere bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis --> cell lysis. Clav acid inhibits B-lactamase D: with or soon after food until all taken (A) 500-875mg bd for 5-10days (C) >1 month: 10-15 up to 20mg/kg tid, max 500mg; >2 month: 22.5mg/kg bd, max 875mg, >40kg = adult dose AE: D/N/V, rash P: anaphylaxis/severe diarrhoea (CDAD) L: UTI -drink enough water daily, wipe back to front |
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Roxithromycin
(Rulide) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Macrolide
I: URTIs, LRTIs, CAP, recurrent tonsillitis, skin infections MoA: bacteriostatic, inhibit protein synthesis D: (A) 150mg bd or 300mg od (C) 2.5-4mg/kg bd. Best taken on empty stomach (if makes u feel sick then with food) AE: GI (N/V/D abd pain cramps), candidal infections; rash h/ache; P: hypersensitivity, CDAD, hepatitis,QT L: counsel for indication |
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Doxycycline
(Doxsig, Doryx) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Tetracycline
I:RTIs, Acne, Malaria Px MoA: bacteriostatic, inhibit protein sythesis D: 200mg stat then 100mg od. Acne = 50mg od; Malaria 1 d for 2d b4, during +2-4 weeks after AE: N/V/D, epigastric burn, tooth discolour, photosensitive; rash, fungal overgrowth P: CDAD, oesophageal ulcer (weak), hepatitis, anaphylaxis L: drink with plenty water and upright for 30-60 mins after. best mane. |
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****Cefaclor
(Ceclor-CD, Karlor) C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L |
C: cephalosporins
I: otitis media, RTIs, bacterial sinusitis MoA: bactericidal D: (A) 250-500mg tds or 375-750mg bd max 4g daily (C) 10-15mg/kg tds or 20mg/kg bd max 1g/dose A: DNV, rash h/ache; serum sickness like syndrome RM: SSLS (skin eruptions, arthralgia), CDAD, blood dyscrasias, bleeding anaphylaxis L: for indication. tablets take with food and until complete |
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Atorvastatin
(Lipitor, Trovas) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
I: hyperchol, mixed hyperlipidaemia, high risk for CAD, HTN pts with risks for heart disease MoA: inhibit HMG-CoA reductase D: 1 daily (10, 20, 40, 80); increase dose after 4 weeks if nec AE: myalgia, GI Sx, h/ache, insomnia, dizzy, incr aminotransferases; hair loss P: myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, renal failure hepatitis L: avoid grapefruit juice, muscle pain, liver signs |
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Simvastatin
(Zocor, Lipex, Simvar) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
I: hyperchol, mixed hyperlipidaemia, high risk for CAD, HTN pts with risks for heart disease MoA: inhibit HMG CoA reductase D: 1 nocte (10.20.40.80); increase dose after 4 weeks if nec AE: myalgia, GI Sx, h/ache, insomnia, dizzy, incr aminotransferases; hair loss P: myopathy, rhabdo, renal failure hepatitis L: avoid grapefruit juice, muscles, Liver signs |
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Irbesartan
(Avapro, Karvea) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist
I: HTN, HF MoA: blocks Ang II binding to AT receptors --> vasoconstriction, Na reabs, aldosterone rls D: 1 d; usu 150mg increase to 300mg AE: dizzy, h/ache/ hyperkalaemia; 1st dose hypo, rash D, dyspepsia P: hepatitis sx, African L: avoid K supp, dizzy; Salt, exercise, diet |
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Ramipril
(Tritace) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: ACE-I
I: HTN, HF, diabetic nephropathy, post MI, reduce risk of CV events MoA: block Ang1->Ang2 reducing effect of Ang2 induced vasoconstriction, Na retention + aldosterone rls D: 2.5mg od (mane) increase after 2-3 weeks to 5 if nec, up to 10mg d in 1-2 doses. AE: cough, hypotension, hyperkalaemia, h/ache, dizzy, fatigue, N, renal imp; rash P:Renal, Angioedema, African, NSAIDS L: avoid K supp, pregnancy avoid, dizziness |
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Perindopril
(Coversyl) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: ACE-I
I: HTN, HF, diabetic nephropathy, post MI, reduce risk of CV events MoA: block Ang1->Ang2 reducing effect of Ang2 induced vasoconstriction, Na retention + aldosterone rls D: initially 5mg od max 10mg od (2.5mg for risk hypotension or initial for Renal Imp). AE: cough, hypotension, hyperkalaemia, h/ache, dizzy, fatigue, N, renal imp; rash P: Renal, Angioedema, Afircan, NSAIDS L: avoid K supp, pregnancy, dizziness |
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Amlodipine
(Norvasc, Amlo) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: CCB
I: HTN, Angina, Tachyarrhythmia MoA: blocks CChannels on vascular smooth muscle, decr vasc resistance, decr pressure D: 1 d (mane). 2.5-5mg od increase over 1-2 weeks to max of 10mg AE:periph oedema, palpitations, h/ache,, dizzy, flush R: peripheral oedema, hypotension (v low), difficulty breathing L: angina - use of relief; exercise. HTN - SNAP. Arrhythmias (things that worsen - pseudo, caffeine) |
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Pravastatin
(Pravachol, Lipostat, Cholstat) C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L |
C: HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitor
I: hyperchol, post MI, unstable angina MoA:inhib HMG CoA reductase (imp for cholesterol synthesis) D: 1 nocte (5, 10, 20, 40, 80) increase dose after 4 weeks if nec A: myalgia, GI Sx, h/ache insomnia, dizzy, incr aminotransferases; hair loss R: myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, rennail failure, hepatitis. If urine dark brown or muscke painn tenderness or weakness M: CK, LFT, lipid levels. L: avoid grapefruit juice can incr amt drug in blood (incr A/E) lose weight eat healthy etc |
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Warfarin
(Coumadin, Marevan) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Vitamin K antagonist
I: prevention of PE, VTE, 1' 2' stroke Px MoA: Inhib synthesis of Vitamin K dependent clotting factors D: Once daily (INR 2-3) pm A: bleeding/bruising;; skin necrosis, hypersensitivity P: allergic rxn, bleed in stools, bleeding L: diet, same brand, avoid cranberry, tell all doctors/dentists on it, need regular blood tests, tell dr if ill/diarrhoea, vom, infection, fever, blood in excrements |
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Clopidogrel
(Iscover, Plavix) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: anti-platelet (P2Y12). Thienopyridine
I: Px vascular ischaemic event in pt w sxatic arthrosclerosis (stroke, MI), Px thromboembolism after stent MoA: inhibits platelet aggregation D: 1 daily (75mg) AE: Skin reaction, bleeding, diarrhoea, GI ulcer P: Svr skin reactions, Bleeding L: Avoid grapefruit juice |
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Perindopril + Indapamide
(Coversyl Plus, Perindo Combi) C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L |
C: ACEI + Thiazide diuretic
I: HTN, HF, post MI, reduce CV events MoA: block Ang1->Ang2 reduce effect of Ang2 induced vasoconstriction, Na retentino +aldosterone rls. inhib reabs of salts, salts out water out, decr load for heart to pump D: 1 daily (5/2.5, 5/1.25) A: cough, HoTN, hyperkal? h/ache, dizzy; rash::: dizzy, weak, pee lots R: BP not improve, gout Sx, jaundice M: BP, Urea + electrolytes, FBP, WCC L: worsen gout, SNAP |
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Felodipine
(Plendil ER, Felodur ER, Felodil) C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L |
C: CCB
I: HTN, Angina MoA: blocks CChannels on vascular smooth muscle, decr vasc resistance, decr pressure D: 1 d (mane). 5mg od maintain 5-10, max 20mg A:periph oedema, palpitations, h/ache, dizzy, flush R: peripheral oedema +pain, hypotension (v low), dificulty breathing M: A/E such as swell, BP, Angina Sx L: angina - use of relief; exercise. HTN - SNAP. |
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Diltiazem
(Cardizem CD, Vasocardol CD) C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L |
C: CCB
I: HTN, Angina, atrial fibrillation MoA: blocks CChannels on vascular + cardiac smooth muscle, decr vasc resistance, decr pressure D: Angina (180-340mg od), HTN (180-240mg od max 360mg) A:dihydropyridines + bradycardia; hepatitis, gingival hyperplasia R: hard breathing, hypotension (v low) hepatitis (jaundice, pale poo) M: A/E such as swell, BP, Angina Sx L: angina - use of relief; exercise. HTN - SNAP. Arrhythmias (things that worsen - pseudo, caffeine) |
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Aspirin
(Solprin, Astrix, Cartia) C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L |
C: non-opioid analgesic, antiplatelet
I: Acute MI, unstable angina, 1' stroke Px, Px VTE, 2' Px IHD, pain MoA: inhib platelet aggregation by blocking COX irreversably -> decr Thromboxane (inducer of platelet aggregation) D: 100-150mg daily A: increase bleed time; IDA R: allergic (bronchospasm), blood in stools, severe skin rxns M: for A/E L: SNAP |
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Frusemide
(Lasix, Urex) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Loop diuretic
I: Oedema assoc w HF, renal imp, hepatic cirrhosis MoA:inhib reabs Na + Cl = inhib reabs of water D: 20-40mg d or bd (max 1g d) AE: hypo-N, -K, -Mg, gout, dizzy, orthostatic HoTN P: jaundice, svr skin rxns, Gout L: Take earlier in the day, Dizziness |
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Metoprolol Tartrate
(Betaloc, Minax) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: B blocker
I: HTN, Angina, Tachyarrhythmias, MI, Px migraine, stable HF w SAABGT MoA: block B receptors in heart, periphery, bronchi, pancreas, uterus, kidney, brian + liver. reduce CO, reduction in LV work + O2 use -> decr HR, D: HTN = 50-100mg od for 1 week then 50-100mg od/bd, Angina + MI start 25-50 AE: ND, bronchospasm, dypsnoea, slow heart rate, HoTN, alter glucose + lipid metabolism; rash, psoriasis; P: hypersensitive, if intolerant to A/E L: Make sure other HF treatments are optimised before starting, dizziness |
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Isosorbide Mononitrate
(Imdur, Monodur) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Nitrate
I:Px, Tx of angina, CHF, acute HF assoc w MI and unstable angina MoA: exogenous source of nitric oxide (mediates vasodilation), reduces venous return and preload to heart -> reduce myocardial O2 rqrmnt D: initially 30-60mg od up to 120mg od AE: h/ache, flush, palpitations, ortho HoTN, faint, periph oedema P: still getting frequent angina attacks, HoTN L: take at time of day when angina most frequent. nitrate free period |
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Verapamil
(Isoptin SR, Veracaps) C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L |
C: CCB
I:tachyarrhythmia, AF, HTN, angina MoA: CCB, less vasc smth muscle MORE reduces contractility of heart, HR and conduction D: Angina, HTN -> 80mg bd/tds up to 160 bd/tds (CR = 180-240 od up to 240mg od/bd); Arrhythmias ->120-480mg in 2-3 ddd A: periph oedema, rash h/ache, dizzy flush, incr liver enzymes, aV block, worsening HF; gingival hyperplasia R: yellowing of sclera, pale poo M: LFTs, ECG, BP L: SNAP, swallow CR tabs whole. verapamil may incr effects of alcohol |
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Candesartan
(Atacand) C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L |
C:Ang2 receptor antaonist
I: HTN, HF MoA: blocks Angtensin 2 binding stopping vasoconstriction Na reabs and alsdosterone rls D: 1 daily (4,8,16,32). incr dose at interals of 2 weeks for HF A: dizzy, h/ache, hyperK, rash R: skin rxn, jaundice signs M: LFTs, BP L: SNAP, avoid K supplements |
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GTN
(Nitroligual, Anginine, Nitro-Dur) C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L |
C: Nitrate
I: Px + Tx of angina MoA: exogenous source of nitric oxide (mediates vasodilation), reduces venous return and preload to heart -> reduce myocardial O2 rqrmnt D: Acute angina: 300-600mcg tab rpt every 3-4 mins max of 2-3 tabs; spray = 1-2 sprays; Px Angina: 0.5-1 tab or 1 spray 5-10 mins b4 activity. Px of chronic angina: 5mg (up to 15mg) patch for up to 14hrs. A: h/ache, flush, palpitations, ortho HoTN, faint, periph oedema R: still getting frequent angina attacks, M: Signs and Sx L: take at time of day when angina most frequent. nitrate free period. Patch (clean dry skin chest upper arm). SL tabs or spray (sit or lie down - dizzy. call ambulance if svr, get worse quick or 10 mins. SL - can spit out if relieved, not too warm. Spray = priming) |
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Nifedipine
(Adalat, Adalat Oros) C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L |
C: CCB
I:HTN, angina MoA: CCB, rlx vasc smth muscle -> decr peripheral resistance D: Conventional 10-20mg bd up to 20-40 bd. CR: initially 20-30mg od up to max 90mg od (angina) or 120mg od (HTN) A: periph oedema, rash h/ache, dizzy flush R: severe HoTN - extreme fatigue/dizzy low BP M: BP L: SNAP, swallow CR tabs whole. |
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Enalapril
(Renitec) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: ACE-I
I: HTN, HF, asymptomatic LV dysFn MoA: block Ang1->Ang2 reducing effect of Ang2 induced vasoconstriction, Na retention + aldosterone rls D: 5mg d increased over 1-2 weeks up to 10-40mg d as 1 or 2 doses. (HF start at 2.5 up to 20mg) AE: cough, hypotension, hyperkalaemia, h/ache, dizzy, fatigue, N, renal imp; rash P: Renal, Angioedema, Afircan, NSAIDS L: SNAP, avoid K supp, pregnancy |
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Lercanidipine
(Zanidip, Lercan) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: CCB
I: mainly HTN, angina MoA: CCB, rlx vasc smth muscle -> decr peripheral resistance D: initially 10mg od increase after at least 2 weeks to max 20mg od AE: periph oedema, rash h/ache, dizzy flush P: severe HoTN - extreme fatigue/dizzy low BP L: 15min before food |
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Telmisartan
(Micardis) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C:Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist
I: HTN, HF, Px cardiovascular risk in pts with CAD, PAD, high risk diabetes, previous stroke or TIA MoA: blocks Ang II binding to AT receptors --> vasoconstriction, Na reabs, aldosterone rls, HCT inhibits reabsorption of Na and Cl D: 1 daily (40mg up to 80). AE: dizzy, h/ache/ hyperkalaemia; 1st dose hypo, rash D, dyspepsia P: hepatitis sx, African L: avoid K supp, dizzy; Salt, exercise, diet |
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Lisinopril
(Prinivil, Fibsol, Zestril, Lisodur) C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L |
C: ACE-I
I: HTN, HF, post MI MoA: block Ang1->Ang2 reducing effect of Ang2 induced vasoconstriction, Na retention + aldosterone rls D: 5-10mg od increase intervals of 2-4 weeks up to 20mg od max 40mg. (HF initially 2.5 increased q4w up to 20mg) (Post MI start 5mg then 5mg after 24 hours then 10mg od for 6 weeks + continue in patients dev'ping HF) A: cough, hypotension, hyperkalaemia, h/ache, dizzy, fatigue, N, renal imp;, rash RM: hepatitis LFTs, renal Fn and electrolytes before start ACEI L: SNAP, avoid K supp, pregnancy |
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Candesartan + HCT
(Atacand Plus) C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L |
C:Ang2 receptor antaonist +thiazide diuretic
I: HTN, HF MoA: blocks Angtensin 2 binding stopping vasoconstriction Na reabs and alsdosterone rls D: 1 daily (16/12.5, 32/12.5, 32/25) A: dizzy, electrolyte disturbances, h/ache, hyperK, rash R: skin rxn, jaundice signs, blood loss/stools + multiple ulcers unexplained M: LFTs, BP, FBP L: SNAP, avoid K supplements. if taking bd, take last dose before 6pm. |
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Phenobarbitone
(Phenobarbitone) Epilepsy |
C: Barbiturate
I: epilepsy MoA:prolong inhibitory potential D: 60-240mg od nocte A: drowsy, confused, depressed, altered mood; decr BMD R: svr skin rxns, abnormal bleeding, hepatitis M: BMD, LFT. Conc TR = 10-40mg/mL L:Vitamin D and Ca supplements to avoid osteoP, avoid activities causing head trauma, keep to ciracdian rhythm, keep healthy lifestyle |
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Primidone
(Mysoline) Epilepsy |
C: Barbiturate
I: epilepsy MoA:prolong inhibitory potential A: drowsy, confused, depressed, altered mood; decr BMD R: svr skin rxns, abnormal bleeding, hepatitis M: BMD, LFT L:Vitamin D and Ca supplements to avoid osteoP, avoid activities causing head trauma, keep to ciracdian rhythm, keep healthy lifestyle |
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Clobazam
(Frisium) Epilepsy |
C: Benzodiazepine
I:epilepsy refractory to others D: 5-10mg nocte up to 60mg d L: epilepsy counselling |
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Clonazepam
(Rivotril, Paxam) Epilepsy |
C: Benzodiazepine
I: epilepsy refractory to others D 0.5-1mg n for 4 days the incr over 2-4 weeks to 2-8mg n L: epilepsy counselling |
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Diazepam
(Antenex, Valium, Valpam) C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L |
C: Benzodiazepine
I: muscle spasm, acute Tx seizures D: Muscle spasm 2-15mg ddd up to 60mg d M: sedation L: epilepsy lifestyle |
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Carbamazepine
(Tegretol) C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L |
C: Antiepileptic
I: epilepsy, acute mania, neuropathic pain MoA: prevent repetititive neuronal discharge D: (E) 100mg bd incr by 100-200 q2-4 weeks up to 2 g daily (N) 50-100mg od/bd to 400-800mg ddd A: drowsy, dizzy, blurred vision, h/ache, GI upset R: bad skin rash, fever + mouth ulcers, easily bruise or bleeding M: FBP, if low WCC monitor q2 weeks. Monitor skin runs, BMD L: with food prevent tummy ache. Grapefruit juice. Vitamin D and Ca for prevention of low BMD/osteomalacia |
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Antiepileptics
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Clobazam (Frisium)
Clonazepam (Paxam, Rivotril) Diazepam (Valium) Midazolam Nitrazepam (Alodorm, Mogadon) Acetazolamide (Diamox 250) Carbamazepine (Tegretol, Teril 100/200/400) Ethosuximide (Zarontin) Gabapentin (Neurontin, Gabatine, Gantin 100/300/400/600/800) Lacosamide (Vimpat 50/100/150/200) Lamotrigine (Lamicta, Lamogine, Seaze 2/5/25/50/100/200) Levetiracetam (Kepcet, Kevtam, Keppra 250/500/1000) Oxcarbazepine (Trileptal 150/300/600) Phenytoin (Dilantin 30/100) Pregabalin (Lyrica 25/75/150/300) Sulthiame (Ospolot 50/200) Tiagabine (Gabitril 5/10/15) Topiramate (Topamax, Epiramax, Tamate 25/50/100/200) Valproate (Valprease, Epilim, Valpro 100/200/500) Vigabatril (Sabril) Zonisamide (Zonegron 25/50/100) |
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Gabapentin
(Gabatine, Neurontin, Gantin) C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L |
C: Antiepileptic
I: Partial seizures, Neuropathic Pain MoA: Unknown, related to GABA D: (E) 300mg on the first day nocte, incr by 300mg d in 3 doses A: fatigue, dizzy, double vision, amnesia, HTN wt gain, R: jaundice, allergic rxn L: avoid stopping abruptly (week reduction) |
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Lamotrigine
(Lamogine, Seaze, Lamictal) C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L |
C: Antiepileptic
I: partial and gen seizures MoA: stabilises neuronal membranes D:25mg od 2 weeks then 50mg 2 weeks then incr by 50-100 q 1-2 weeks A:visual disturbances, dizzy, NV,; hair loss R: severe skin reactions, rash fever, swollen glands. don't stop abruptly (unless svr sk rxn) |
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Phenytoin
(Dilantin) C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L |
C: Antiepileptic
I: Epilepsy MoA: preventes repetitive neuronal discharge D: initially 4-5mg/kg daily in 1-2 doses, incr by 30mg d q2 weeks depending (TR 10-20mg/L) A: NV insomnia, sedation, confusion, visual disturb, behavioural disturb, gingival hypertrophy;; osteomalacia R: blood dyscrasias (immune + bleeding), hyperglycaemia, svr skin rxns, M: Ther Range, BGL, BMD monitor, L: Vit D + Ca. drowsy, many interactions, visit dentist regularly (dental hygiene) |
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Pregabalin
(Lyrica) C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L |
C: Antiepileptic
I: Partial seizure, Neuropathic Pain MoA: reduces Ca influx, decr rls of neurotransmitters D: (E) 75mg bd then increase afer 7 days to 150mg bd max 300mg bd (N) 75mg bd - 150mg bd - 300mg bd; increase after 3-7 days A: dizzy, drowsy, visual disturb, memory impaired, wt gain, periph oedema; depression, agitation, HTN, tachy, HF, myalgia R: neutropaemia, rhabdomyolysis M: A/Es L: dont stop suddenly. epilepsy lifestyle advice |
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Topiramate
(Topamax, Epiramax) C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L |
C:Antiepileptic
I:Partial seizures and gen TC seizures; Px migraine MoA: stabilises neuronal membrane D: (E) 25-50mg nocte incr daily by 25-100 per week (MPx)25mg n incr by 25 per week A: fatigue, h/ache, amnesia, depression/nervous, wt loss; psychosis R: hepatitis, decrease sweat incr temp, acute myopea -> ACAG M: serum bicarb conc baseline and periodically (met acidosis), monitor decr sweat and hypertherm esp summer L: drowsy dizzy, avoid alc, tell dr if eyesight changes/eye pain, drink enough water daily. may reduce or prevent sweating - affects body's way of cooling down tell dr |
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Valproate
(Epilim, Valprease) C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L |
C: Antiepileptic
I: First line Prim generalised epilepsy, Bipolar, Migraine Px MoA: prevent repetitive neuronal discharge D: (E, B) 600mg in 2 doses incr q3 days by 200mg daily (MPx) 200-400mg bd A: NV incr app and wt, tremor, drowsy, ABNORMAL bleed time R: heapatitis, pancreatitis, sore throat/infection/ulcers, bleeding abnormally M: BMD, LFTs, L: Ca Vit D, with food to prevent stomach upset, drowsy, appetite may increase so pay more attn to foods eaten, exercise |
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Cabergoline
(Cabaser, Bergoline, Cobasol) C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L |
C: Ergot-derived DA agonist
I: Parkinson's Disease MoA: stimulates DA receptors D: 0.5-1mg od increase q1-2 weeks by 0.5-1mg up to 3mg od A:NV abd pain, dizzy ortho HoTN, cardiac fibrosis, impulse control disorders R: impulse control disorders (high DA) M: LFTs, L: take with food, starting with note, OHoTN |
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Pramipexole
(Sifrol) C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L |
C: Non Ergot Dopamine agonist
I: PD. RLS MoA: dopamine agonist D: 125ug tds for 1 week, 250ug tds for a week then 500ug tds if nec incr by 250ugtds weekly max 1.5mg tds (RLS) 125ug an 2-3h before bed A: NV abd pain, C, OHoTN, nasal cong, drowsy, schizo Sx R: impulse control disorders (gamble shopping) L: may need antinauseant if an issue, swallow dont crush |
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Benztropine
(Benztrop) C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L |
C: Anticholinergic
I: PD, drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders MoA: block muscarinic actions of acetylcholine -> less stimulation, less jerky movements D: (PD) 0.5-1mg d increase gradually up to 6mg d A:dry mouth, constipation, NV, blur vision, dry eyes, dizzy h/ache memory impaired insomnia R:hypersensitivity rxns worsening dyskinesia, severe eye pain M: IOP L:don't stop taking med suddenly, can make drowsy |
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Biperiden
(Akineton) C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L |
C: Anticholinergic
I: PD, drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders MoA: block muscarinic actions of acetylcholine -> less stimulation, less jerky movements D: (PD) 1mg bd increase up to 1-4mg tds/qid A:dry mouth, constipation, NV, blur vision, dry eyes, dizzy h/ache memory impaired insomnia R:hypersensitivity rxns worsening dyskinesia, severe eye pain M: IOP L:don't stop taking med suddenly, can make drowsy |
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Amantadine
(Symmetrel) C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L |
C:
I: Parkinsons Disease MoA: Increase DA release and blocks cholinergic receptors D: 100mg od increase at least a week to 100mg bd up to 100mg tds (>65yo 100mg od) cc A: nervous, depression, nightmares, insomnia, blur vision dry mouth etc R: seizures, true eye pain, GI bleed (blood in stools) M: IOP, L: incr seizure risk, with food, don't stop taking abruptly (may get signs of NMS) |
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Levodopa
(Madopars, Sinemets, Stalevos) C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L |
C: Dopamine precursor
I: PD MoA: dopamine precursor D: 50-100mg tds incr gradually yp to 2g ddd (CR - same daily LD dose and freq then incr q2-3 days according to response) A: anorexia, NV OHoTN, "off" effect (sudden loss of movement); dark urine and sweat R: impulse control disorders (gamble shopping) M: IOP, L: food reduces abs but may need it to start and then later on try without (w medical supervision). Don't stop rapidly |
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Ergotamine
(Cafergot S) C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L |
C: Ergot Alkaloid
I: acute relief of migraine + cluster h/aches MoA: arterial and venous vasoconstrictors D: 1 suppos (2mg) asap then rpt prn after 30-60min. Max 6mg d, 10mg/ week, 2 courses in 1 month with a min of 4 days in between each course A: NV abd pain, D, muscle pain, weak numb and tingling, cold extremities; angina, tachy R: MI, M: XS use for pleural fibrosis (lung fn?) L: Migraine Px |
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Eletriptan
(Relpax) C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L |
C: Triptan
I: acute relief of migraine MoA: vasoconstriction of cranial vessels D: 40mg asap then rptd after 2 hours max 160mg daily A: tingling sensations, heat, pain, flush dizzy, dry mouth; rash R: tight chest/heaviness, MI, anaphylaxis M:BP L: if no relief after first dose, dont repeat. Migraine Px |
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Naratriptan
(Naramig) C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L |
C: Triptan
I: acute relief of migraine MoA: 5HT1B/D agonist - vasoconstriction of cranial vessels D: 2.5mg asap then repeat after 4hrs if ned, Max 5mg daily A: tingling sensations, heat, pain, flush dizzy, dry mouth; rash R: tight chest/heaviness, MI, anaphylaxis M:BP L: if no relief after first dose, dont repeat. Migraine Px |
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Rizatriptan
(Maxalt wafer) C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L |
C: Triptan
I: acute relief of migraine MoA: vasoconstriction of cranial vessels D: 10mg asap then again prn after 2 hours. Max 30mg d A: tingling sensations, heat, pain, flush dizzy, dry mouth; rash R: tight chest/heaviness, MI, anaphylaxis M:BP L: if no relief after first dose, dont repeat. Migraine Px |
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Sumatriptan
(Sumagran, Imigran) C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L |
C: Triptan
I: acute relief of migraine MoA: vasoconstriction of cranial vessels D: 50-100mg then rpt prn 2hours max 300mg d . Intranasal - 10-20mg in 1 nostril then after 2 hrs prn 40mg d max A: tingling sensations, heat, pain, flush dizzy, dry mouth; rash R: tight chest/heaviness, MI, anaphylaxis M:BP L: if no relief after first dose, dont repeat. Migraine Px |
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Zolmitriptan
(Zomig) C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L |
C: Triptan
I: acute relief of migraine MoA:vasoconstriction of cranial vessels D: 50-100mg then rpt prn 2hours max 300mg d . Intranasal - 10-20mg in 1 nostril then after 2 hrs prn. 40mg d max A: tingling sensations, heat, pain, flush dizzy, dry mouth; rash R: tight chest/heaviness, MI, anaphylaxis M:BP L: if no relief after first dose, dont repeat. Migraine Px |
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Methysergide
(Deseril) C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L |
C:Ergot alkaloid
I: prevention of migraine and cluster headaches MoA: 5HT2 antagonist, vasoconstriction D: 1mg n increase to 1-2mg bd/tds A: NV dizzy, drowsy insomnia, behavioural disturb, alopecia R: heavy chest pain (angina) M: L: Migraine Px |
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Pizotifen
(Sandomigran) C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L |
C:5HT2 antagonist
I: Px migraine and cluster headaches MoA: 5HT2 angag with antihistaminic and anticholinerigic pptz D:0.5mg d nocte increase to 1.5mg d od or dd. Max 4.5mg in ddd A:sedation, fatigue, N, wt gain R: M: L: appetite may increase so u may need to pay more attn to what you eat. Migraine Px |
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Donepezil
(Aricept) C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L |
C: Anticholinesterase
I: Alzheimer's MoA: decrease breakdown of ACh D: 5mg od for min of 4 weeks then incr 10mg od if nec A: NVD, anorexia, abd pain, h/ache, sleep disturbances, wt loss HTN R:seizure, GI haemorrhage M: BP L: support groups for pt and carer |
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Galantamine
(Reminyl, Galantyl) C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L |
C: Anticholinesterase
I: Alzheimer's MoA: decrease breakdown of ACh D: 8mg od mane for min 4 weeks then 16mg od for min 4 weeks. Max 24mg od A: NVD, anorexia, abd pain, h/ache, sleep disturbances, wt loss HTN R:seizure, GI haemorrhage M: BP L: support groups for pt and carer |
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Rivastigmine
(Exelon) C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L |
C: Anticholinesterase
I: Alzheimer's MoA: decrease breakdown of ACh D: 1.5mg bd incr by 3mg q2 weeks max 6mg bd. Patch 1 4.6mg patch od incr to 1 9.5mg od after 4 weeks A: NVD, anorexia, abd pain, h/ache, sleep disturbances, wt loss HTN R:seizure, GI haemorrhage M: BP L: support groups for pt and carer |
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Buprenorphine (Norspan) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Opiod I:Mod>Sev pain MoA: mimic endogenous opioids D:(patch) start at 5mcg/hr (SL) 200-400mcg q6-8h AE: N/V/C, site reactions P: Sedation, difficulty breathing, allergy L: Rotate patch, avoid direct heat, do not cut |
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Fentanyl (Durogesic (P), Actiq(Loz)) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Opiod I:Mod>Sev pain MoA: mimic endogenous opiods D: (B-pain) 200mcg loz repeat once after 30 mins AE: N/V/C, site reactions, bradycardia P: Serotonin tox, Arrhythmias, Diabetes (loz) L: Rotate patch, Laxatives, 3 days per patch, avoid direct heat, 15 min per loz |
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Tapentadol (Palexia) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Opiod I: Mod>Sev pain MoA: mimic endogenous opiods D: 50mg bd, titrating with response AE: (Opiod) N/V/C, resp depression P: Renal (<30), Hepatic, MAOI L: Swallow whole, background paracetamol |
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Paracetamol +Codeine (Panadeine [forte]) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Combination I: Mild>mod pain MoA: depends on ingredient D: 1g qid M8 AE: N/V/C, Liver toxicity P: Hepatic impairment L: Be careful of products containing paracetamol |
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Azithromycin (Zithromax) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Macrolide I: CAP, Chlamydial infections MoA: Bacteriostatic; inhibits protein synthesis D: 500mg OD for 3 days AE: Hypersensitivity syndrome, GI P: QT, Diabetes (liq), Allergies L: Resistance of S.pneumniae after one dose |
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Ciprofloxacin (Ciproxin) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Quinolone I: Complicated UTIs, Bone/Joint infections, Prostatitis MoA: Bactericidal; inhibits DNA synthesis D: 250-500mg bd (max 1.5g daily) IV; 200-300mg bd up to 300-400mg Q8-12h (max 1.2g daily) AE: N/V/D, abdo pain, rash, tendonitis, phototoxic, QT, transient hearing impairment L: IV over 60mins, lots of fluids, Tendons |
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Erythromycin (EES) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Macrolide I:Upper + lower resp inf, Chlamydial, Pertussis MoA: Bacteriostatic; inhibits protein synthesis D: 1-2 g daily in 2-4 doses (max 4g), IV; 15-20mg/kg in 4 doses (max 4g) AE: N/V/D, fungal, hypertrophic pyloric stenosis P: QT!, Renal (<10), Severe hepatic L: IV over 60min, many interactions, Best on empty stomach (ERYC) but can take with food |
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Fluconazole (Diflucan) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Azole I: Mucocutaneous/Vaginal candidiasis, Tinea D: Vag; 150mg single dose, Dermal cand; 50mg OD for 2-4 weeks AE: Anorexia, fatigue, SJS P: QT!, Renal, Allergies L: Tell your doctor if you feel tired or nauseous, or dark urin, pale faeces or yellowing skin. |
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Gentamicin (*no brand*) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Aminoglycoside I: Serious gram -ve, Enterococcal infections MoA: Inhibit protein synthesis D: TDM! CrCl>60 5-7mg/kg OD, CrCl 30-60 4-5mg/kg AE: Nephrotoxic, Otoxtoxic, Neuromuscular blockade P: Ototoxicity, Renal, Allergies L: Gent with Benpen for serious enterococcal infections (Endocarditis) |
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Valaciclovir (Valtrex) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Guanine analogue I: Herpes simplex, Genital herpes, Shingles, CMV MoA: Inhibit viral DNA polymerase and synthesis D: Genital; inital 500mg bd for 5-10 days, AE: Neurological, agitation, vertigo, renal P: Renal (Neurological), Allergy L: Drink plenty of fluids, prodrug, carry a course with you to start as soon as you can |
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Atenolol (Noten, Tenormin) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: B blocker I: HTN, Angina, Tachyarrhythmias, MI MoA: block B receptors in heart, periphery, bronchi, pancreas, uterus, kidney, brian + liver. reduce CO, reduction in LV work + O2 use -> decr HR D: 20-50mg OD incres to 100mg in 1-2 doses AE: HoTN, N/D, transient worsening of HF, Cold extremeties, fatigue, blurred vision, glucose and lipid metabolism altered. P: Renal, Diabetes, Vascular, Respiratory, Hepatic, Interactions, Masking effects L: Dizziness, HoTN, L9 |
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Rosuvastatin (Crestor) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor I: hyperchol, mixed hyperlipidaemia, high risk for CAD, HTN pts with risks for heart disease MoA: inhibit HMG-CoA reductase D: 5-10mg OD increase as req AE: Proteinuria, GI, myalgia, h/ache, rhabdo, myopathy, liver/renal failure, hepatitis P: Renal, Hepatic, Asian L: Liver Signs, muscle pains |
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Carvedilol (Dilatrend) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: B-blocker I: HTN, HF, Angina, MI MoA: block B receptors in heart, periphery, bronchi, pancreas, uterus, kidney, brian + liver. reduce CO, reduction in LV work + O2 use -> decr HR D: HTN; 12.5mg OD inc to 25mg OD, HF; 3.125mg BD slowly inc to 25mg BD AE:HoTN, N/D, transient worsening of HF, Cold extremeties, fatigue, blurred vision, glucose and lipid metabolism altered. P: Hepatic, Diabetes, Vascular, Respiratory L: Dizziness, HoTN, L9 |
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Irbesartan with Hydrochlorothiazide
(Avapro HCT, Karvezide) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist with Thiazide diuretic
I: HTN, HF MoA: blocks Ang II binding to AT receptors --> vasoconstriction, Na reabs, aldosterone rls, HCT inhibits reabsorption of Na and Cl D: 1 d; usu 150mg increase to 300mg plus relecvant HCT AE: dizzy, h/ache/ hyperkalaemia; 1st dose hypo, rash D, dyspepsia P: hepatitis sx, African L: avoid K supp, dizzy; Salt, exercise, diet |
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Prazosin (Minipress) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Selective alpha-blocker I: HTN MoA: Selectively blocks alpha receptors D: 0.5mg bd, inc to 1 2-3 times d AE: P: HF, diuretics, B-blockers, CCB, cataracts, renal L: Dizziness, Hypo-tension risk |
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Enoxaparin Sodium (Clexane) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Heparin (LMWH) I: VTE Tx/Px, STEMI and non-STEMI, VT MoA: Inactivate factor IIa and Xa D: VTE Px; 20mg d (med risk) or 40mg d (high risk), VTE Tx; 1mg/kg bd or 1.5mg/kg od AE: Bleeding, bruising, thrombocytopenia, inj pain, hyperkalaemia L: Monitor bleeding, sharps |
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Digoxin (Sigmaxin) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Cardiac glycoside I: AF, HF MoA: Slow HR and reduce AV node conduction. Increases contraction force by inc Calcium D: Loading 250-500mcg q4-6h (up to 1.5mg), Maintenance 125-250mcg od AE: May worsen arrhythmia, NTI, N/V/D, blurred vision, anorexia, dizziness, rash |
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Ezetimibe (Ezetrol) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Specific I: HCholesterolaemia MoA: Reduces cholesterol absorption across intestinal wall. D: 10mg od AE: Headache, D, inc LFTs P: Fenofibrate, Hepatic |
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Betamethasone (Betnovate, Diprosone) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Corticosteroid I: Inflammatory skin conditions MoA: Anti-inflam and immunosuppressive D: 1-2 times d AE: Folliculitis, atrophy, delay healing, |
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Mometasone (Elocon, Zatamil) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Corticosteroid I: Inflammatory skin conditions MoA: Anti-inflam and immunosuppressive D: OD AE: Folliculitis, atrophy, delay healing, P: Diabetes, Ulceration, Infections L: Finger tip unit, Moisturize, |
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Triamcinolone (Aristocort) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Corticosteroid I: Inflammatory skin conditions MoA: Anti-inflam and immunosuppressive D: 1-2 times d AE: Folliculitis, atrophy, delay healing, P: Diabetes, Ulceration, Infections L: Finger tip unit, Moisturize, |
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Alendronate (Fosamax) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Bisphosphonate I: Paget's disease, Osteoporosis |
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Risedronate (Actonel) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Bisphosphonate
I: Paget's disease, Osteoporosis (steroid) MoA: Inhibits osteoclasts D: Paget's; 30mg od, Osteo; 5mg od or 35mg once weekly or 150mg once monthly AE: N/V/D, headache, muscle pain, oeophagitis, gastritis, rash, JAW necrosis P:Inability to remain upright, Oesophageal disorders, Upper Gi, Renal, Hypocalcaemia L: Morning with full glass of water, upright for 30min, L4, Swallowing difficulty see doc |
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Zoledronic Acid (Aclasta) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Bisphosphonate
I: Hypercalcaemia, Osteoporosis, BMD, Paget's MoA: Inhibits osteoclasts D: Malignancy; IV 4mg, Paget's; IV 5mg (single) AE: AF, N/V/D, headache, muscle pain, oeophagitis, gastritis, rash, JAW Necrosis P: Renal, hypocalcaemia, Jaw Necrosis L: Drink plenty of water, Dental procedures |
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Thyroxine (Oroxine, Eutroxsig, Eltroxin) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Thyroid hormone (T4) L:Empty stomach, watch for hypers |
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Metformin (Diabex) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Biguanide I: T2DM D: T2DM; 500mg 1-3 times daily up to 3g or CR 500mg od up to 2g AE: B12, N/V/D P: Renal!, hepatic L: With food, renal function, GI, diet, BGL |
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Gliclazide
(Diamicron, Glyade) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Sulfonylureas D: 40-320mg d in 1-2 doses or 30mg od AE: hypoglycaemia, weight gain, N/D, rash P: Ketoacidosis, T1DM, Acute illness. L: Take with food, avoid alcohol 30mg CR= 80mg |
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Glimepiride (Amaryl) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Sulfonylureas I: T2DM MoA: Increase pancreatic insulin secretion D: 1mg od, inc up to 4mg od AE: Hypoglycaemia, weight gain |
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Goserelin (Zoladex) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist I: Endometriosis, Endometrial thinning, Uterine fibroids, Prostate/Breast cancer MoA: GnRH stimulates FSH and LH, continuous use inhibts gonadotrophin production D: 3.6mg implant every 4 weeks AE: Transiet BP changes, hot flushes, sweating, reduced libido, dizziness, breast changes, mood changes, N/V/C, decreased BMD P: Unexplained vag bleeding, low BMD, Polycystic ovaries L: SC Anterior abdo wall |