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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the reasons to study history?
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History is interesting, history is never finished, you develop empathy, to be a better thinker, and to learn from past mistakes.
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What are the five Founding American Ideals?
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Democracy, Liberty, Equality, Opportunity, and Rights
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Who proposed the resolution for independence?
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Richard Henry Lee
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Who was on the committee to draft the Declaration of Independence?
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Thomas Jefferson, Roger Sherman, Benjamin Franklin, Robert R. Livingston, and John Adams
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Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?
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Thomas Jefferson
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What are the parts to the Declaration of Independence?
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Statement of human rights, grievances against the king, and statement of the independent.
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When was the Declaration of Independence approved?
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July 4, 1776
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What are the branches of government?
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Executive, Judicial, and Legislative
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How many articles does the Constitution have?
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Seven articles
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What are checks and balances?
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A system of where all three branches (of the government) work together to help keep any one branch from becoming too powerful.
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Describe the impeachment process.
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The House brings the charges and the Senate votes. A 2/3 majority is needed to remove the official from office.
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Define: Legislative Branch
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Congress-The law making branch-Two bodies, one based on each population (The House of Representatives) and the other two senators for each (Senate).
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What are the jobs of the legislative branch?
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Propose laws, declare war, override the president's veto with a 2/3 vote, propose amendments with a 2/3 vote, approves treaties, approves presidential appointments
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Define: Executive Branch
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The President and his cabinet.
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What are the jobs of the Executive Branch?
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Commander and chief of military, propose laws, enforces the laws, appoints Supreme Court judges, proposes budget, grants pardons, makes treaties.
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Define: Judicial Branch
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The Supreme Court (and other Federal Courts)
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What are the jobs of the Judicial Branch?
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Interpret the law, declare laws unconstitutional, declare president's action unconstitutional
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What are concurrent powers?
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Powers shared by both the state and the federal government-examples; taxes, roads, borrow money, and establish courts
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What are delegated powers?
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Powers granted to congress-examples; coin money, raise army, declare war, establish post offices
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What are reserved powers?
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Powers reserved to states-examples; fire, police, schools, issuing licenses, and conducting elections
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How many amendments are there?
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Twenty-Seven
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What are first ten (amendments) called?
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The Bill of Rights
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What percentage is needed to propose an amendment?
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2/3
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What percentage is needed to ratify the Constitution?
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3/4
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What is Manifest Destiny?
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The belief that God wanted the U.S. to expand to the Pacific Ocean and spread democracy across the country to all people.
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What was the Indian Removal Act?
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The plan to clear the Indians east of the Mississippi to "Indian Territory"
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What was the Marshall Court?
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The Supreme Court under the rule of Chief Justice John Marshall made a number of Supreme Court decisions that affirmed federal power.
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What are three characteristics of the North during 1850-1860?
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Industrial, Limited Slavery, and Greater Population
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What are three characteristics of the South during 1850-1860?
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Based on agriculture, predominately rural, relied on slavery as industry
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What is popular sovereignty?
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The feeling that regional interests control politics
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Which state became a battle ground for the Civil War?
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Kansas
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Which state was the first to succeed from the Union?
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South Carolina
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What is sectionalism?
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The differences between the North and the South
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What are the advantages of the North?
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More troops, more money, more industrial, more resources
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What were the advantages of the South?
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They fought a defensive war ad they were fighting on their own terrain
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What were the bloodiest battles?
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Gettysburg, Antietam, and Bull Run
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What were the effects of war on the soldiers (North and South)?
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Harsh conditions, boredom, homesick, disease spread throught camp
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What were the challenges in government (North)?
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Hard time gaining support and there were troop shortages
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What were the challenges in government (South)?
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Shortage of troops, Shortage of money, and lack of supplies
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What were conditions like in the South for the slaves?
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Harsher conditions, plantations owners were afraid slaves would run away
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What was life like for African-Americans in the North?
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Given manual jobs, discriminated against, and they earned less money.
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What were some contributions of women in the war?
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They ran businesses, worked as nurses, spies, and disguised themselves as men and fough as soldiers.
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Where was the end of the Civil War?
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Appomattox, Virginia
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Who were the commanders of each side?
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North-Ulysses S. Grant
South-Robert E. Lee |
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When was the Surrender?
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April 9, 1865
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How did industrialization impact the Westward Movement?
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Trains helped people go farther and faster then ever before. They also linked people together, better and faster trade was possible. Mass Production allowed goods to be produced at a rapid rate which made them cheaper. Cotton gin allowed allowed cotton to be cleaned at a rapid rate, thus increasing productivity.
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How did the Fugitive Slave Law increase tension between the North and the South?
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Runaway slaves were forced to be returned. Southerners brought charges against Northerners for harboring slaves. Southerners would capture freemen and claim they were runaways.
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Define: Anaconda Plan
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A war strategy involving "wrapping around" the enemy, and "choking" them by moving in slowly.
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Define: Emancipation Proclamation.
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A proclamation stating that any states in war with the north and have slaves, the slaves are now free.
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Define: Habeas Corpus
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An order stating for a prisoner to be brought before a judge.
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Define: Fugitive Slave Law
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Laws passed in 1850 to provide for the return of slaves who escaped from one state into another.
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Define: Missouri Compromise
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An agreement in 1820 between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States concerning the extension of slavery into new places.
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Define: Copperheads
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A label for Northerners that opposed the war
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Define: Total War
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A war method in which you would destroy everything in your path and not just military.
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How many steps were the Southern States required to take in order to rejoin the Union?
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9 Steps
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What were the 9 Steps required for Southern States to rejoin the Union?
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To write a new state constitution, elect a new state government, repel its succession act, cancelled its war debts, and to ratify the thirteenth amendment.
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What were some new freedoms for slaves?
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They could travel, marry, get an education, and own land.
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What was the purpose of the Freedmen's Bureau?
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To assist former slaves and poor whites in the South.
They provided medical care, food, clothing, education, legal assistance, and acted as a court of law in some situations. |
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What were the main purposes of the Black Codes?
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They denied freedmen the right to vote or be on a jury, required freedmen to sign yearly contracts with plantation owners, and to limit upwards mobility of African-Americans so that they were limited to farm work and their children couldn't go to school.
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What are the Black Codes?
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Laws passed across Southern States to restrict freedom and opportunity for freed slaves. While they were allowed to own property, work for wages and marry; they were denied other civil rights
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Who were the Radical Republicans?
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Abolitionists before the war, now determined to reconstruct the nation for equality and all.
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Who were the leaders of the Radical Republicans?
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Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner
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What was the Fourteenth Amendment?
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It gave all former slaves citizenship.
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What was the significance of the 1886 election?
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Radicals gained a 2/3 veto-proof in both houses.
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What were the Reconstruction Acts?
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They broke the South into 5 districts controlled by Federal Troops, election boards were set up by loyal supporters, wrote new state constitutions, and required to ratify the 14th amendment
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What was the Command of the Army Act?
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It limited Johnson's power as commander in chief.
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What was the Tenure of Office Act?
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It barred the president from firing certain federal officers without the Senate's consent.
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