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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Neurogenic Shock
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Shock resulting from brain or spinal cord injury that causes an interuption of nerve impulses to the arteries with loss of arterial tone, dilation, and relative hypovolemia
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Signs and Symptoms of Neurogenic Shock
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Warm, red(sometimes)skin, dry skin. Pt. will have low bp (due to no catecholamine release), slow pulse in early stages.
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Treatment
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c-spine. Backboad immob. IV fluids.
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Anaphylactic Shock
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A life threatening allergic reaction. Caused by antigens
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Signs and Symptoms of Anaphylactic Shock
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Skin: Flushing, Itching, hives, swelling, cyanosis.
Respiratory System: Breathing Difficulty, Sneezing, coughing, wheezing, Stidor, Laryngeal edema, laryngospasm. Cardiovascular system: Vasodilation, increased HR, Decreased Bp. GI: N/V, Abd. cramping, Diarrhea. Nervous System: Altered mental staus, Dizziness, headache, seizures, tearing. |
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Septic Shock
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Shock that develops as the result of infection carried by the bloodstream, eventually causing dysfunction of multiple organ systems
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Signs & symptoms of Septic Shock
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Progressive in the beginning. In the beginning increase in bp, in late stages bp drops.
Suspicion of septic shock is usually based on history of illness |
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Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
MODS |
progressive inpairment of two or more organ systems resulting from an uncontrolled inflammatory response to a severe illness or injury.
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Cause of MODS
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Sepsis and Septic shock are the most common cause. although is can be caused from any serious disease or injury that triggers a massave systemic inflammatory response.
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Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
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The progression from infection to sepsis to septic shock to MODS
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Risk Factors for MODS
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>65yo, malnutrition and preexisting chronic disease such as cancer or diabetes.
Mortality Rate is 60 - 90% MODS is major cause of death following sepsis, trauma and burn injuries. |
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MODS
Primary Stage (Primary MODS) |
organ damage results directly from a specific cause such as ischemia or inadequate perfusion. Neutraphils and macrophages as well as MAST cells are "primed"
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MODS
Secondary Stage (secondary MODS) |
The next time there is an insult (additional injury or or ischemia) even if it is minor, the primed cells are activated, producing an exaggerated inflammatory response.
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Clinical Presentation of MODS
first 24 hours |
24 hours after rescucitation:
Low grade fever tachycardia dyspnea altered mental status general hypermetabolic, hyperdynamic state |
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Clinical Presentation of MODS
after 1st 24 hours |
24-72hrs: Pulmonary Failure
7-10 Days: Hepatic Failure, intertinal failure begins renal failure begins. 14-21 days renal and hepatic failure, GI collapse, Immune system collapse. After 21 days: Blood system failure, Mycardial failure, Altered Mental status (encephalopathy), DEATH |
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Infectious Agents
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Bacteria
Viruses Fungi Parasites Prions |
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Bacteria
(singular bacterium) |
Single Cell organism with a with a cell membrane and cytoplasm but no organized nulcleus. They bind to the cells of a host organism to otain food and support.
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Antibiotics
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Substances that destroy or inhibit microorganisms, tiny living bodies invisible to the naked eye. "destruction to Life"
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Gram Stains
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several dyes used to identify microoganisms
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Exotoxins
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Toxic(poisonous) substances secreted by bacterial cells during their growth.
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Endotoxins
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Molecules in the walls of certain Gram-negative bacteria that are released when the bacterium dies or is destroyed, causing toxic effects on the host body.
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Septicemia
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The systematic spread of toxins through the bloodstream Also called sepsis.
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Virus
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An organism much smaller than a bacterium, visible only under an electron microscope. Viruses invade and live inside the cells of the organisma they infect.
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3 lines of defense
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Anatomic barriers
Inflammatory response Immune response |